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Galileo system is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis freely available to all.  
Galileo system is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis.
The Galileo system, once fully operational, will offer four high-performance [[Galileo Services|services]] worldwide:
* [[Galileo Open Service (OS)|Open Service (OS)]]: Galileo open and free of charge service set up for positioning and timing services.
* [[Galileo Commercial Service (CS)|High Accuracy Service (HAS)]]: A service complementing the OS by providing an additional navigation signal and added-value services in a different frequency band. The HAS signal can be encrypted in order to control the access to the Galileo HAS services.
* [[Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS)|Public Regulated Service (PRS)]]: Service restricted to government-authorised users, for sensitive applications that require a high level of service continuity.
* [[Galileo Search and Rescue Service|Search and Rescue Service (SAR)]]: Europe´s contribution to COMPAS-SARSAT, an international satellite-based search and rescue distress alert detection system.


The Galileo [[GNSS Performances|performances]] are different for each service. For the [[GALILEO Open Service|Galileo Open Service (OS)]] no specific requirements of [[Integrity|integrity]] are applicable. The [[GNSS Performances|performances]] for horizontal positioning [[Accuracy|accuracy]] at 95% for a dual-frequency receiver are 4 m (8 m for vertical [[Accuracy|accuracy]]), with an [[Availability|availability]] of the service of 99%.  
The Galileo [[GNSS Performances|performances]] are different for each service. For the [[GALILEO Open Service|Galileo Open Service (OS)]] no specific requirements of [[Integrity|integrity]] are applicable. The expected [[GNSS Performances|performances]], once Galileo system is fully deployed, for horizontal positioning [[Accuracy|accuracy]] at 95% for a dual-frequency receiver are 4 m (8 m for vertical [[Accuracy|accuracy]]), with an [[Availability|availability]] of the service of 99.5% <ref name="Galileo OS SDD">[https://www.gsc-europa.eu/system/files/galileo_documents/Galileo-OS-SDD.pdf Galileo Open Service Service Definition Document]</ref>.  


In the case of the [[GALILEO Public Regulated Service|Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS)]], the [[Availability|availability]] of the service should be 99.5%.  
In the case of the [[GALILEO Public Regulated Service|Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS)]], the [[Availability|availability]] of the service should be 99.5% <ref name="GALHLD"> Galileo Mission High Level Definition, v7.1.</ref>.  


== Galileo Service Level Perfomances==
== Galileo Service Level Perfomances==
From Galileo Mission High Level Definition, the performances requirements for each service are the following:<ref name="GALHLD"> [http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_hld_v3_23_09_02.pdf Galileo Mission High Level Definition], v3, September 2002.</ref>
The performances requirements for each service are the following:


===Galileo Open Service Performances===
===Galileo Open Service Performances===
The expected performance once full deployment of the Galileo system at FOC are<ref name="Galileo OS SDD">[https://www.gsc-europa.eu/system/files/galileo_documents/Galileo-OS-SDD.pdf Galileo Open Service Service Definition Document]</ref>:


{| class="wikitable" align="center"
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
Line 21: Line 29:
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |  
! rowspan="2" |  
! colspan="2"| Galileo Open Service (positioning & timing)
! colspan="2"| Galileo Open Service (positioning & timing)  
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
!  Single Frequency (SF)   
!  Single Frequency (SF)   
Line 37: Line 45:
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! Availability  
! Availability  
| colspan="2"|          99.8 %  
| colspan="2"|          99.5 %  
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! Timing Accuracy wrt UTC/TAI  
! Timing Accuracy wrt UTC/TAI  
| N/A
| colspan="2" | 30 ns  
| 30 ns  
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! Ionospheric Correction  
! Ionospheric Correction  
Line 52: Line 59:




In the scope of the [[Galileo_Future_and_Evolutions#Galileo_phases|IOV]] tests campaign, early promising performance figures were collected; these figures will further improve as more satellites are launched and more ground stations come on line<ref>[http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/Galileo_works_and_works_well Galileo Works, And Works Well], ESA, February 2014</ref>.
Galileo declared its Initial Services status in December 2016 as the first step towards full operational capability. Galileo system deployment will continue with additional satellite launches to enlarge the constellation until it is completed, reaching the Full Operational Capability (FOC) of the Galileo system.
Galileo OS SDD defined a series of Minimum Performance Levels to be achieved until FOC is reached <ref name="Galileo OS SDD">[https://www.gsc-europa.eu/system/files/galileo_documents/Galileo-OS-SDD.pdf Galileo Open Service Service Definition Document]</ref>:
 
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|+align="bottom" |''Minimum Performance Levels for Galileo Open Service Initial Services''
! colspan="2" |
! rowspan="1" | Galileo Open Service Initial Services
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" | SIS Ranging
| Accuracy (95%)
|2m
|- align="center"
| Availability
|87%
|- align="center"
! rowspan="5" | Timing
| UTC Time Dissemination Accuracy(95%)
| 30 ns
|- align="center"
| UTC Frequency Dissemination Accuracy (95%)
| 3E-13
|- align="center"
| GGTO Determination Accuracy (95%)
| 20 ns
|- align="center"
| UTC Availability
| 87%
|- align="center"
| GGTO Availability
| 80%
|}
 
Galileo Performance Reports against these MPL values are published in GSC website <ref name="Performance stadistics">[https://www.gsc-europa.eu/electronic-library/galileo-service-performance-reports Galileo Performance Reports in GSC website]</ref>.
 
===Galileo High Accuracy Service===
The [[Galileo Commercial Service (CS)|Galileo High Accuracy Service]] complements the OS by providing an additional navigation signal and added-value services in a different frequency band. The HAS signal can be encrypted in order to control the access to the Galileo HAS services. Receiver positioning accuracy is foreseen to be at decimetre level.
 
The Galileo HAS comprises two services levels<ref name="HAS_note">[https://www.gsc-europa.eu/sites/default/files/sites/all/files/Galileo_HAS_Info_Note.pdf Galileo High Accuracy Service, Info Note]</ref>:
*Service Level 1 (SL1)  with global coverage; providing high accuracy corrections (orbits, clocks) and biases (code and phase) for Galileo E1/E5b/E5a/E6 and E5AltBOC and GPS L1/L5/L2 signals.
*Service Level 2 (SL2): with regional coverage; providing SL1 corrections plus atmospheric (at least ionospheric) corrections and potential additional biases.
 
Next table summarizes the performances for each of the Galileo HAS Service levels:


[[File:IOV_Galileo_positioning_performance.png|center|thumb|300px|alt=Galileo|IOV Galileo positioning performance]]
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|+align="bottom" |''Table 1- Main HAS target performances<ref name="HAS_note"/>''
|-
! PARAMETER
! Service Level 1
! Service Level 2 
|- align="center" 
| Coverage
| Global
| European Coverage Area (ECA)
|- align="center"
| Horizontal Accuracy 95%
| < 20cm
| < 20 cm
|- align="center"
| Vertical Accuracy 95%
| < 40cm
| < 40 cm
|- align="center"
| Convergence Time
| < 300 s
| < 100 s
|- align="center"
| Availability
| 99%
| 99%
|}


===Galileo Public Regulated Service Performances===
===Galileo Public Regulated Service Performances===
The expected performances of the Galileo PRS service are<ref name="GALHLD"> Galileo Mission High Level Definition, v7.1.</ref>:


{| class="wikitable" align="center"
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|+align="bottom" |''Service Performances for [[Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS)|Galileo PRS]]''
|+align="bottom" |''Service Performances for [[Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS)|Galileo PRS]] ''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |  
! rowspan="2" |  
! colspan="2" | Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS)
! rowspan="1"| Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS)
|- align="center" 
! colspan="2"| Dual Frequency (DF)
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2"| Coverage
! Dual Frequency (DF)
| Global
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Accuracy (95%)  
! rowspan="2" | Accuracy (95%)  
|  Horizontal: 6.5 m
|  Horizontal: 6.5 m
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
| Vertical: 12 m
| Vertical: 12 m
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2"| Availability  
! Availability  
| 99.5 %  
| 99.5 %  
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2"| Timing Accuracy wrt UTC/TAI  
! Timing Accuracy wrt UTC/TAI  
| 100 ns  
| 30 ns  
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
! colspan="2"| Ionospheric Correction  
! Ionospheric Correction  
| Based on DF Measurements
| Based on DF Measurements
|- align="center"
! rowspan="4" |Integrity
!Computes
|Yes
|- align="center"   
!Alarm Limit
| H:20 m -V:35 m
|- align="center"   
!Time-To-Alarm
| 10 s
|- align="center"   
!Integrity Risk
| 3.5x10e-7/150 s
|- align="center"
! colspan="2"| Continuity Risk
| 10e-5/15 s
|}
|}


===Galileo Commercial Service===
===Galileo Search and Recue Service Performances===
The [[Galileo Commercial Service (CS)|Galileo Commercial Service]] will be a controlled access service operated by Commercial Service Providers, who will make decisions on the offered services: e.g. integrity data, differential corrections for local areas, etc., which will depend on the final characteristics of the other services offered by Galileo.


==Segment Performance Drivers==
Galileo SAR performance values are expressed in terms of Minimum Performance Levels (MPL) for a set of parameters as indicated below<ref name="Galileo SAR SDD">[https://www.gsc-europa.eu/system/files/galileo_documents/Galileo-SAR-SDD.pdf Galileo SAR Service Definition Document]</ref>:


To fulfil the Galileo Services requirements, especially with respect to integrity and continuity, key performance drivers have been defined and flown down to Segment
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
level, i.e. Space Segment (SSEG), Ground Mission Segment (GMS), Test User Segment (TUS), and Ground Control Segment (GCS).
|+align="bottom" | ''MPL for SAR/Galileo Forward Link Service''
|-
!
!'''Parameter'''
! '''Expected value'''
|-
| rowspan="3" | Service Availability
| Forward Link Service Availability
| > 99%
|-
| European MEOLUT Facility availability in Nominal mode
| > 95%
|-
| European MEOLUT Facility availability in Degraded mode
| > 97.5%
|-
| Detection performance
| Detection probability after 1 transmitted burst
| > 99%
|-
| rowspan ="5" | Location performance
| Location Probability after 1 transmitted burst 
| > 90%
|-
| Location Probability after 12 transmitted bursts
| > 98%
|-
| Location Probability after 1 transmitted burst within 5 km
| > 90%
|-
| Location Probability after 12 transmitted bursts within 5 km
| > 95%
|-
| Location Probability after 12 transmitted bursts within 2 km
| > 90%
|}


The Orbit Determination & Time Synchronisation (ODTS) performance is also driving the signal performance quality indicator, SISA, which needs to be ensured in all available GMS states. Such ensuring of signal quality directly drives Galileo's integrity services. Furthermore the ground monitoring performance indicator, SISMA, is required for the integrity services, and two GMS states exist that are defined via the related SISMA upper bound performance. The final SSEG and GMS key performance requirements are summarized below and are driving OS as well as SOL service performance. The nominal state is if all  Galileo Sensor Stations (GSS) and 27 Signal in Space (SIS) from the operational satellites are available.<ref>Veit Oehler, Jan M. Krueger, Tanja Beck, Michael Kirchner, Hans L. Trautenberg, Jörg Hahn, Daniel Blonski, [http://www.academia.edu/1179216/Galileo_System_Performance_Status_Report “Galileo System Performance Status Report,”] Proceedings of the ION GNSS 2009, Savannah, GA, USA, Sept. 22-25, 2009.</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|+align="bottom" | ''MPL for SAR/Galileo Return Link Service''
|-
!'''Parameter'''
! '''Expected value'''
|-
|Return Link Service Availability
| > 95%
|-
| End-to-end Return Link Service Availability
| > 90%
|-
| Galileo System Message Delivery Latency within 15 minutes
| > 99%
|-
| Return Link Message Reception Probability
| > 99%
|-
| End-to-end Message Delivery Loop Latency within 30 minutes
| > 95%
|}


{| class="wikitable" align="center"
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|+align="bottom" |''Segment Performances for Galileo''
|+align="bottom" | ''MPL for SAR/Galileo Space Segment''
|- align="center"
|-  
!  
!'''Parameter'''
! Nominal 
! '''Expected value'''
! Degraded
|-
! Service
|SAR Repeater Availability
|- align="center"
| > 95%
! ODTS /Ranging Accuracy (1 sigma)
| colspan="2"|          65 cm
| OS
|- align="center"
! GMS Availability of Navigation
| colspan="2"|          99.95 %
| OS
|- align="center"
! SISA
| colspan="2"|          85 cm
| SoL
|- align="center"
! SISMA
| 70 cm
| 130 cm
| SoL
|- align="center"
! GMS Availability of Integrity
| 94.73 %
| 5.23 %
| SoL
|- align="center"
! SSEG State Probability
| 94.09 %
| 5.66 %
| OS,SoL 
|}
|}
Such segment key performances drivers have been independently consolidated through the early GIOVE experimentation activities, which show great consistency with the "designed" performance status.


==Combined services performances==
==Combined services performances==
Galileo is being designed to be interoperable with other systems and, therefore, it will, in a great many instances, be used as part of a combined service. The identification of combined services is necessary to:<ref name="GALHLD"/>  
Galileo is designed to be interoperable with other systems and, therefore, it will, in a great many instances, be used as part of a combined service. The identification of combined services is necessary to:<ref name="GALHLD"/><ref name="Galileo OS SDD">[https://www.gsc-europa.eu/system/files/galileo_documents/Galileo-OS-SDD.pdf Galileo Open Service Service Definition Document]</ref>  


* Meet the most demanding user applications.
* Meet the most demanding user applications.
Line 163: Line 245:
* [[Integrity]]: GNSS based integrity systems and techniques, such as [[SBAS General Introduction|SBAS]], [[ARAIM|ARAIM]], [[RAIM|RAIM]] and [[Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS)|GBAS]], would benefit from the addition of new constellations, including Galileo, in terms of lower achievable protection levels and/or integrity risk.
* [[Integrity]]: GNSS based integrity systems and techniques, such as [[SBAS General Introduction|SBAS]], [[ARAIM|ARAIM]], [[RAIM|RAIM]] and [[Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS)|GBAS]], would benefit from the addition of new constellations, including Galileo, in terms of lower achievable protection levels and/or integrity risk.
* Redundancy: By combining services from separate and fully independent systems full redundancy can be achieved. This is particularly important for Safety of Life applications that require full system backup.
* Redundancy: By combining services from separate and fully independent systems full redundancy can be achieved. This is particularly important for Safety of Life applications that require full system backup.
==Notes==
Quarterly Performance Reports are regularly published by the European GNSS Service Centre to provide public information about the measured performance statistics <ref name="Performance stadistics">[https://www.gsc-europa.eu/electronic-library/galileo-service-performance-reports Galileo Performance Reports in GSC website]</ref> for the available Galileo services.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 12:03, 20 November 2023


GALILEOGALILEO
Title Galileo Performances
Edited by GMV
Level Basic
Year of Publication 2011
Logo GMV.png

Galileo system is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis. The Galileo system, once fully operational, will offer four high-performance services worldwide:

  • Open Service (OS): Galileo open and free of charge service set up for positioning and timing services.
  • High Accuracy Service (HAS): A service complementing the OS by providing an additional navigation signal and added-value services in a different frequency band. The HAS signal can be encrypted in order to control the access to the Galileo HAS services.
  • Public Regulated Service (PRS): Service restricted to government-authorised users, for sensitive applications that require a high level of service continuity.
  • Search and Rescue Service (SAR): Europe´s contribution to COMPAS-SARSAT, an international satellite-based search and rescue distress alert detection system.

The Galileo performances are different for each service. For the Galileo Open Service (OS) no specific requirements of integrity are applicable. The expected performances, once Galileo system is fully deployed, for horizontal positioning accuracy at 95% for a dual-frequency receiver are 4 m (8 m for vertical accuracy), with an availability of the service of 99.5% [1].

In the case of the Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS), the availability of the service should be 99.5% [2].

Galileo Service Level Perfomances

The performances requirements for each service are the following:

Galileo Open Service Performances

The expected performance once full deployment of the Galileo system at FOC are[1]:

Service Performances for Galileo Open Service
Galileo Open Service (positioning & timing)
Single Frequency (SF) Dual Frequency (DF)
Coverage Global
Accuracy (95%) Horizontal: 15 m Horizontal: 4m
Vertical: 35 m Vertical: 8m
Availability 99.5 %
Timing Accuracy wrt UTC/TAI 30 ns
Ionospheric Correction Based on SF Model Based on DF Measurements
Integrity No


Galileo declared its Initial Services status in December 2016 as the first step towards full operational capability. Galileo system deployment will continue with additional satellite launches to enlarge the constellation until it is completed, reaching the Full Operational Capability (FOC) of the Galileo system. Galileo OS SDD defined a series of Minimum Performance Levels to be achieved until FOC is reached [1]:

Minimum Performance Levels for Galileo Open Service Initial Services
Galileo Open Service Initial Services
SIS Ranging Accuracy (95%) 2m
Availability 87%
Timing UTC Time Dissemination Accuracy(95%) 30 ns
UTC Frequency Dissemination Accuracy (95%) 3E-13
GGTO Determination Accuracy (95%) 20 ns
UTC Availability 87%
GGTO Availability 80%

Galileo Performance Reports against these MPL values are published in GSC website [3].

Galileo High Accuracy Service

The Galileo High Accuracy Service complements the OS by providing an additional navigation signal and added-value services in a different frequency band. The HAS signal can be encrypted in order to control the access to the Galileo HAS services. Receiver positioning accuracy is foreseen to be at decimetre level.

The Galileo HAS comprises two services levels[4]:

  • Service Level 1 (SL1) with global coverage; providing high accuracy corrections (orbits, clocks) and biases (code and phase) for Galileo E1/E5b/E5a/E6 and E5AltBOC and GPS L1/L5/L2 signals.
  • Service Level 2 (SL2): with regional coverage; providing SL1 corrections plus atmospheric (at least ionospheric) corrections and potential additional biases.

Next table summarizes the performances for each of the Galileo HAS Service levels:

Table 1- Main HAS target performances[4]
PARAMETER Service Level 1 Service Level 2
Coverage Global European Coverage Area (ECA)
Horizontal Accuracy 95% < 20cm < 20 cm
Vertical Accuracy 95% < 40cm < 40 cm
Convergence Time < 300 s < 100 s
Availability 99% 99%

Galileo Public Regulated Service Performances

The expected performances of the Galileo PRS service are[2]:

Service Performances for Galileo PRS
Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS)
Dual Frequency (DF)
Accuracy (95%) Horizontal: 6.5 m
Vertical: 12 m
Availability 99.5 %
Timing Accuracy wrt UTC/TAI 30 ns
Ionospheric Correction Based on DF Measurements

Galileo Search and Recue Service Performances

Galileo SAR performance values are expressed in terms of Minimum Performance Levels (MPL) for a set of parameters as indicated below[5]:

MPL for SAR/Galileo Forward Link Service
Parameter Expected value
Service Availability Forward Link Service Availability > 99%
European MEOLUT Facility availability in Nominal mode > 95%
European MEOLUT Facility availability in Degraded mode > 97.5%
Detection performance Detection probability after 1 transmitted burst > 99%
Location performance Location Probability after 1 transmitted burst > 90%
Location Probability after 12 transmitted bursts > 98%
Location Probability after 1 transmitted burst within 5 km > 90%
Location Probability after 12 transmitted bursts within 5 km > 95%
Location Probability after 12 transmitted bursts within 2 km > 90%
MPL for SAR/Galileo Return Link Service
Parameter Expected value
Return Link Service Availability > 95%
End-to-end Return Link Service Availability > 90%
Galileo System Message Delivery Latency within 15 minutes > 99%
Return Link Message Reception Probability > 99%
End-to-end Message Delivery Loop Latency within 30 minutes > 95%
MPL for SAR/Galileo Space Segment
Parameter Expected value
SAR Repeater Availability > 95%

Combined services performances

Galileo is designed to be interoperable with other systems and, therefore, it will, in a great many instances, be used as part of a combined service. The identification of combined services is necessary to:[2][1]

  • Meet the most demanding user applications.
  • Reduce satellite navigation system weaknesses.
  • Provide robust solutions for applications requiring system redundancy for safety and/or security reasons.
  • Access future GNSS market.
  • Enable and expand new market opportunities.

The most obvious systems to be combined with Galileo are the other existing GNSS systems, GPS,GLONASS, SBAS and GBAS as they share with Galileo many characteristics that facilitate a combination at user level. By combining Galileo with other GNSS systems, improved performance in the following domains can be expected:

  • Availability: Using as an example Galileo in combination with GPS and SBAS systems, the number of operational satellites will be in the region of 60. In normal urban environments this would result in an increased availability for 4 satellites from 40% to more than 90%.
  • Position Accuracy: Allied to an increased availability in restricted environments (urban) is a better geometry of spacecraft or enhanced positioning performance.
  • Integrity: GNSS based integrity systems and techniques, such as SBAS, ARAIM, RAIM and GBAS, would benefit from the addition of new constellations, including Galileo, in terms of lower achievable protection levels and/or integrity risk.
  • Redundancy: By combining services from separate and fully independent systems full redundancy can be achieved. This is particularly important for Safety of Life applications that require full system backup.

Notes

Quarterly Performance Reports are regularly published by the European GNSS Service Centre to provide public information about the measured performance statistics [3] for the available Galileo services.

References