Galileo Services

GALILEO
Title	Galileo Services
Edited by	GMV A.D.
Level	Basic
Year of Publication	2011

The GALILEO System will be an independent, global, European-controlled, satellite-based navigation system and will provide a number of guaranteed services to users equipped with Galileo-compatible receivers. The definition of the GALILEO Services is based on a comprehensive review of user needs and market analysis. The Galileo mission and services have been elaborated during the initial definition phase in consultation with user communities and the Member States.

Introduction

There will be some services provided autonomously by Galileo and other services resulting from the combined use of Galileo and other systems. This leads to the classification of the Galileo services into four categories:

1. GALILEO satellite-only services: These services will be provided worldwide and independently from other systems by combining the signals broadcast by the Galileo satellites. There is a wide range of possible applications with different operational requirements that have been grouped around the following five reference services:
   • Galileo Open Service (OS).
   • Galileo Safety of Life (SoL).
   • Galileo Commercial Service (CS).
   • Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS).
   • Galileo Support to Search and Rescue Service (SAR).
2. GALILEO locally assisted services: The Galileo satellite-only services can be enhanced on a local basis through a combination of local elements. The result will be the provision of local services.
3. EGNOS services: EGNOS will provide over Europe an augmentation to GPS services. This service will allow for early experience in development of Galileo-like applications. It is proposed that the EGNOS system be adapted so as also to improve the accuracy of the open service provided by the system resulting from the Galileo programme, in the same way as it is currently improving that of GPS. This will allow higher performance levels to be met by using different sources of integrity and navigation information.
4. Galileo combined services: All the above-mentioned services will be combined with services provided by other navigation or communication systems. This possibility will improve the GNSS services availability at user level and open the door to a wide range of applications. The result will be the provision of combined services.

GALILEO satellite-only services

Galileo Constelation (artistic interpretation)

The following Galileo satellite-only services will be provided worldwide and independently from other systems by combining Galileo signals-in-space:

• Galileo Open Service (OS) results from a combination of open signals, free of user charge, and provides position and timing performance competitive with other GNSS systems;
• Galileo Safety of Life Service (SoL) improves the open service performance through the provision of timely warnings to the user when it fails to meet certain margins of accuracy (integrity). It is envisaged that a service guarantee will be provided for this service. This service will be made available for safety-critical applications such as running trains, guiding cars, navigation and aviation;
• Galileo Commercial Service (CS) provides access to two additional signals, to allow for a higher data throughput rate and to enable users to improve accuracy. The signals are encrypted. It is envisaged that a service guarantee will be provided for this service. The Commercial Service allows for development of applications for professional or commercial use owing to improved performance and data with greater added value than that obtained through the open service;
• Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS) provides position and timing to specific users requiring a high continuity of service, with controlled access. Two PRS navigation signals with encrypted ranging codes and data will be available: The Public Regulated Service is restricted to government-authorized users, for sensitive applications which require a high level of service continuity. This service is intended for security and strategic infrastructure (e.g. energy, telecommunications and finance);
• Galileo Support to Search and Rescue Service (SAR) represents the contribution of Europe to the international COSPAS-SARSAT co-operative effort on humanitarian Search and Rescue activities. Galileo is to play an important part of the Medium Earth Orbit Search and Rescue system (MEOSAR). Galileo satellites will be able to pick up signals from emergency beacons carried on ships, planes or persons and ultimately send these back to national rescue centers. From this, a rescue center can know the precise location of an accident. At least one Galileo satellite will be in view of any point on Earth so near real-time distress alert is possible. In some cases, feedback could be sent back to a beacon, something which is only made possible by Galileo.

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The Galileo program has been structured according to three main phases:

• In-Orbit Validation (IOV) phase:

The IOV phase consists of qualifying the system through tests and the operation of two experimental satellites and a reduced constellation of four operational satellites and their related ground infrastructure.

The two experimental satellites were launched in respectively December 2005 and April 2008. Their purpose was to characterize the Medium-Earth Orbit (MEO) environment (radiations, magnetic field etc) and to test in such environment the performance of critical payload technology (atomic clocks and radiation hardened digital technology). They also provide an early experimental signal-in-space allowing securing the frequency spectrum required for Galileo in accordance with WRC RNSS allocations. The first 2 Galileo operational satellites were launched by ESA with the Soyuz VS01 flight on 21st October 2011. The next two Galileo satellites, completing the IOV quartet, are scheduled for launch in summer 2012. These four satellites, plus part of the ground segment, will then be used to validate the Galileo system as a whole, together with advanced system simulators.

• Initial Operational Capability (IOC) phase:

The IOC stage will be the partial commissioning of the ground and space infrastructure as from 2014-2015 and the provision of the open service, the search and rescue service and the PRS. While this first stage will be sufficient to test the services it should nonetheless be as short as possible, because it will not allow the system's full potential to be exploited and will not meet the requirements of all users.

• Full Operational Capability (FOC) phase:

The FOC phase consists of the deployment of the full system which will consist of 30 satellites, control centers located in Europe and a network of sensor stations and uplink stations installed around the globe. Galileo's Full Operational Capability (FOC) should be achieved in 2019-2020, in a staggered approach from the IOC phase. It might change, depending on availability of financing, technical problems and industrial performance.

For more information about performances of each service, see the article Galileo Performances.