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==Report Overview==
==Report Overview==


[[File:market_report_2013_cumulative_core.png‎| Cumulative core revenue 2012-2022, GNSS Market Report 2013, GSA.|280px|thumb]]
[[File:market_report_2015_cumulative_core.png‎| Cumulative core revenue 2013-2023, GNSS Market Report 2015, GSA.|280px|thumb]]


In this article are presented the most relevant forecast comments and some report figures wherein the considered terminology refers to:
The first forecast is that the actual global installed base of GNSS devices of 3.6 billion units is predicted to grow to seven billion by 2019 – almost one GNSS receiver for every person on the planet (the previous market report expected this number to be reached only in 2022). The use of smartphones continues to dominate (3.08 billion in 2014), followed by devices for road applications (0.26 billion).
*Shipments: the number of devices sold in a given year;
*Installed base: the number of devices currently in use;
*Revenue: the revenue from device/service sales in a given year.


At the regional level, the installed base in EU28 and North America will continue to grow steadily (8% per year). The primary region of global market growth will be Asia-Pacific, which is forecasted to grow 11% per year, from 1.7 billion in 2014 to 4.2 billion devices in 2023. The Middle East and Africa will grow at the fastest rate - 19% per year - but starting from a low base.


The most outstanding forecast is that the actual global installed base of GNSS devices of about two billion units is predicted to grow almost four-fold over the coming decade to seven billion – almost one GNSS receiver for every person on the planet by 2022. However the use of communications and other positioning technologies alongside GNSS, and the emergence of new constellations requires constant innovation on the supply side.


LBS is forecasted to be the largest market segment by revenue, overtaking Road, where the Personal Navigation Devices (PND) market continues to decline, being cannibalised by the use of smartphones in cars. LBS devices are also being increasingly used in general aviation and leisure maritime. This is due to the competitive pricing that made smartphones more affordable leading to a rapidly increase of their market share compared to traditional mobile phones without GNSS capability.
==Location-based services (LBS)==


[[Receiver_Types#Multi-constellation|Multi-constellation devices]] are becoming more common in the market, offering increased availability (appreciated especially in urban environments) and more robust performance in professional applications (e.g. in Surveying). In such devices Galileo is recognised as a valuable element, and it is already present in more than 30% of receiver models, despite the time that remains for the establishment of its operational capability. However the BeiDou System is also being used in about 20% of the multi-constellation devices, particulary by those that are built by manufacturers based in Asia-Pacific.  
[[File:Market_report_2015_shipments_lbs.png|right|thumb|450px|LBS segment: Shipments of GNSS devices by platform]]
Smartphones represent the vast majority of shipments, mainly due to their versatility and growig affordability. In 2013, smartphone shipments increased tenfold from 2007.
Other GNSS-enabled devices accounted for more than 100 million units in 2013. Among them, tablets represented the second largest application. Their shipments increase 640% between 2010 and 2013, with major markets being Europe, North America and Asia.
Finally, the wearable band market has exploded in the first half of 2014, with a 700% increase. High end devices feature assisted multi-constellation GNSS capabilities coupled with 3G or better connectivity. North America and Europe are the leading regions in shipments.


Location Based Services rely on multiple location technologies, often combined with additional
smartphone sensors. In fact, location data comes from:
*handset-based technologies, such as GNSS, with computations performed mainly in the handset;
*network-based technologies (e.g. Cell-ID, RF Pattern Matching and U-TDOA) with computations performed mainly in the network.


==Location-based services (LBS)==
Moreover, the advent of hybrid technologies such as A-GNSS and OTDOA - with intelligence in both the handset and the network - addresses user demand for access the location data in any environment.


[[File:Market_report_2013_shipments_lbs.png|right|thumb|450px|LBS segment: Shipments of GNSS devices by platform]]
In this perspective, GNSS with other location technologies (accelerometer, gyroscope, compass) compliment each other, provide reliable location information augmented with data from sensors in the handset.
Smartphones comprise 90% of LBS devices sold in 2012. However, with the growing penetration of tablets and increased GNSS usage in digital cameras, the smartphone share will decrease over the next decade. There has been a substantial increase in the number of forecast smartphone shipments since
the last issue of the market report. This is driven by the falling price of smartphones relative to users incomes.


The most important GNSS characteristics for the LBS market are Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) and availability due the increasingly fast pace of life that lead the users to want to get to their destinations more quickly. Use of assisted GNSS lowers TTFF by transferring part of the data used to determine the position over mobile networks. Several test results show that availability is significantly improved (especially in urban canyons) by the existence of additional satellite constellations. This means that emerging GNSS Systems such as Galileo and BeiDou will improve the performance of LBS services.
The trend of integrating multiple GNSS constellations in smartphone chipsets started in 2011 with the emergence of the first GPS/GLONASS devices. The high penetration of GLONASS was supported by the announcement of a 25% tax on mobile phones imported to Russia without such capability. More recently, smartphones employing Galileo and BeiDou have also entered the market.


==Road==
==Road==


[[File:market_report_2013_installed_base_road.png|right|thumb|250px|Road segment: Installed base of GNSS devices by application]][[File:Market_report_2013_core_revenue_road.png|right|thumb|250px|Road segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales and services by region]]
[[File:market_report_2015_installed_base_road.png|right|thumb|250px|Road segment: Installed base of GNSS devices by application]]
Increased regulatory pressure for emergency location sharing and safety-related applications drives the demand for telematics equipment,
Since 2008, annual GNSS shipments worldwide have stabilised to 50 million units per year thanks to the success of navigation solutions, in particular Portable Navigation Devices (PNDs).
which serves as a platform for innovative applications. As an example, EU policy has made DTs mandatory for vehicles with a mass of more than 3.5 tonnes in goods transport and those carrying more than 9 persons in passenger transport, and all new types of passenger cars and light vehicles will need to have an eCall system from 2015.
In the last five years, smartphones had a disruptive impact on the PND market. This was in large part due to the improvement in GNSS receiver performance (e.g. AGNSS and multi-constellation), introduction of supporting technologies thanks to sensor fusion (e.g. dead reckoning), as
well as the progressive increase in screen size and user friendliness of navigation apps for road navigation with pre-installed and self-updating maps.
The decrease in PND sales has been compensated by the growth of In-Vehicle Systems (IVS) shipments, which experienced an average annual increase of 11% from 2009 to 2013. Such growth is motivated by the commercial opportunities offered by IVS as a platform, enabling navigation and connected vehicles, as well as many other GNSS-enabled services that meet user demand for comfort, infotainment and safety.
A number of additional applications, including road user charging (RUC), insurance telematics and eCall, accounted for 3 million additional units shipped in 2013.


Dedicated nomadic GNSS devices (PNDs) are becoming redundant with increasing use of smartphones and better affordability of In-Vehicle Systems (IVS). In fact with smartphone navigation becoming increasingly popular, the PND market has been declining since 2009. Even so, the installed base of GNSS devices quadrupled from 2006 to 2012, reaching over 200 million devices. This is due mainly to the significant decrease of average device prices and also because GNSS-based Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) became more common in vehicles.  
Also, GNSS-based tolling is being increasingly adopted. With GNSS-based tolling, users can be charged based on different criteria (type of road, time, distance, vehicle type, level of emissions), all of which are easily modifiable over space and time. Other benefits of GNSS in complex new networks include low transaction costs, minimal environmental impact and additional revenues from value added services. At the end of 2014, the unique flexibility of GNSS enabled Slovakia to scale up GNSS-based tolling network operations in only three months, with its charged network increasing 7.5 times from 2,477 to 17,762 kilometres.


Competition in the automotive industry and from smartphones, combined with declining prices in consumer electronics in general, will result in price erosion for both PND and IVS.
Finally, the principle of GNSS positioning - with performances highly influenced by the conditions of the operational environment - and the need to ensure appropriate performance throughout the equipment’s lifetime, the development of standards and certification references on positioning
performance is fundamental for device vendors and service providers, especially when it concerns safety-critical applications.
The development of such standards will certainly have a positive impact on future road ITS industry developments, especially in regards to the need to provide industry with the highest practicable degree of uniformity in the provision and operation of GNSS services.
Additionally, the automotive industry agrees on the future view of a sensors’ fusion, with GNSS as a core component, integrated into a car to provide enhanced positioning capabilities to be used with a plethora of innovative applications.


Traffic information services enabled by GNSS are forecast to be the primary driver of growth in service revenues until 2018. Thereafter, fierce competition in this segment will result in total revenues declining to around 2012 levels by 2022.
The appearance of the first GNSS-based Road User Charging (RUC) schemes resulted in the uptake of dedicated OBUs with the market share increasing from almost zero in 2009 to more than 2% of all road devices sold in 2012.


==Aviation==
==Aviation==


[[File:market_report_2013_core_revenue_aviation.png|right|thumb|350px|Aviation segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales by segment]][[File:market_report_2013_installed_base_aviation.png|right|thumb|350px|Aviation segment: Installed base of GNSS devices by segment]]
[[File:market_report_2015_installed_base_aviation.png|right|thumb|350px|Aviation segment: Installed base of GNSS devices by segment]]
GNSS use in Aviation will increase as more flight procedures are designed to take advantage of Performance Based Navigation (PBN). For example, EGNOS-enabled instrument approach procedures to Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance (LPV) minima are being rolled out in Europe, increasing safety and business continuity at aerodromes.
GNSS is included in all modern aircraft, whereas SBAS capable receivers are usually found as standard fit only in modern business and general aviation aircraft.
General Aviation is the largest aviation sub-segment, with more aircraft and pilots than the business, regional, and commercial segments combined. The vast majority of these are located in North America. Sales in this segment are dominated by Visual Flight Rules (VFR) users who upgrade their devices more frequently to ensure they have the latest functionality or application.
Due to the cost of devices certified for Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) use, most Commercial, Regional, and Business Aviation aircraft are retrofitted with enhanced avionics only once during the aircraft’s lifetime (often around 30 years).
New for this year’s market report is the inclusion of Search and Rescue Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) into the chart data. The number of ELTs shipped is far exceeded by the PLBs. This is primarily due to the PLBs being used by smaller aircraft of less than six seats, which are much more numerous. Commercial, Regional and Business Aviation tend to be the prime target for ELTs.


New GNSS constellations are expected to be available in the next few years providing multifrequency and multi-constellation navigation capabilities, which may improve the performance of existing PBN applications. This is expected to be a key enabler for Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS), resulting in lower  minima to CAT II or CAT III standards, demanded by some commercial operators.
Shipments of IFR devices are expected to fall and plateau around the 15,000 per annum level, due to the increased equipage penetration of GNSS devices within an already strong market segment, with the retrofit market continuing to dominate the aviation market.
Commercial Aviation is expected to continue using APV Baro approach procedures (at airports where ILS is not available) until Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) CAT II and CAT III become available, which should increase interest in retrofits.
Future developments in equipment are expected to focus on the integration of multi-constellation and enable capabilities such as Advanced RAIM (A-RAIM), which uses two independent GNSS core constellations to monitor position integrity.
The number of PLB devices shipped is expected to grow, continuing to exceed the number of ELT devices shipped.
The major growth areas for Commercial Aviation will be Asia Pacific and Middle East and Africa.


The use of GNSS within all aviation segments is expected to increase over the next decade reaching a penetration of over 90% in 2022. This increase will be dominated by the Visual Flight Rules (VFR) sub-segment, with leisure flyers using GNSS as a supplementary information source. The installed base of GNSS devices is expected to increase gradually, driven by the non-certified devices used in the general aviation VFR sub-segment. The stock of devices in general & business aviation stabilises, dominated by forward fit. Commercial and regional aviation continue to increase their share of the market.
Also, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging and promising market for GNSS in Aviation, thanks to their need for precise positioning and orientation. UAVs were initially used for military and security purposes. However, a wide range of civil applications will further drive market growth.


Commercial aviation GNSS shipments are predicted to increase as GNSS capabilities are deployed in response to regulatory changes, and the need for commercial operators to support routes to an increasing number of destinations. As a result, commercial aviation GNSS manufacturers are expected to capture approximately 30% of the Aviation market revenue by 2022.
GNSS developments in Aviation focus on enabling navigation applications, such as advanced Required Navigation Performance (RNP) and aerodrome manoeuvering, by leveraging multi-constellation/multi-frequency GNSS solutions. The technical requirements are being developed in this context to allow the aviation industry to benefit from improved integrity, accuracy and continuity. The transition to multi-constellation will also enable the introduction of Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM), which will extend the benefits of LPV performances to those areas of the world not currently serviced by SBAS systems like EGNOS.


The use of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) devices is expected to increase, driven by PBN implementation. Despite increasing GNSS shipments, revenue growth will slow down as the market becomes dominated by forward-fit aircraft (which have a lower cost). The increase of the average price of commercial aviation devices in 2016 is due to anticipated retrofits of SBAS capability.


==Rail==
==Rail==


[[File:market_report_2013_shipments_app_rail.png|right|thumb|400px|Rail segment: Shipments of GNSS devices by application]]
[[File:market_report_2015_shipments_app_rail.png|right|thumb|400px|Rail segment: Shipments of GNSS devices by application]]
Over the coming decade, GNSS use in Rail is expected to increase substantially since is becoming a standard feature in non-safety applications.
Introduction of rail applications must consider the constraints in the specific railway environment (e.g. limited satellite visibility, significant multipath or even electromagnetic interference).
GNSS performance compliance to expected requirements for safety-relevant rail applications is being analysed. Accuracy and integrity requirements that are under development within UNISIG are expected to be very stringent.
The use of GNSS should continue the growth in non-safety-relevant applications. Many rail freight cars, for which GNSS can be used for asset tracking, currently contain no power supply. Alternative solutions and their associated costs are being investigated first.


Europe, which has a very well developed passenger train network, has historically been the main market for GNSS devices, as sales have been dominated by passenger information systems. However, as many regions invest heavily in rail infrastructure, particularly in China, the Rest of the World market has grown to become highly significant, representing roughly 40% of GNSS shipments in 2012.
Asset management applications are currently driving and expected to continue to drive shipments of GNSS devices. For the nearly 220,000 trains in the world dedicated to freight, the number of wagons with GNSS equipment is around 2.8 mln.
In the coming years, safety-relevant applications (signalling and train control) based on GNSS will be increasingly developed.


Compared to other industries, the railways have been slow to adopt GNSS technology. This is in part due to the perceived challenges of using space technology on the railways and safety considerations, such as the presence of tunnels, covered stations, deep cuttings, etc. where the signal is not available. Because of that the GNSS penetration in installed base by 2022 is expected to be only about 30%.
Despite the trend to include GNSS in safety-relevant applications, GNSS is currently used in non-safety-relevant ones, such as in passenger information and asset management, where technological innovation plays an important role.
Due to upcoming market opportunities, the manufacturers are preparing to enter the railway signalling domain, which belongs within the realm of safety-relevant applications.


The main current use of GNSS in Rail is in passenger information systems, however other non-safety critical applications, such as asset management, are becoming significant, with sales of approximately 1,000 devices in 2012. By 2022 it is expected that this number will grow to 15,000.


It is forecast that 30% of trains in use worldwide will be equipped with GNSS for some purpose by 2022. Most devices are likely to be non-safety critical in the short to medium term, however, GNSS devices will increasingly support safety critical functions.
==Maritime==


The regulatory requirements for Positive Train Control (PTC) in the USA drive the sales of high density train control devices between 2015 and 2019. The roll-out programme was originally intended to be completed for Class-1 railroads by 2015, though there have been some delays to this timescale.
[[File:market_report_2015_core_revenue_maritime.png|right|thumb|400px|Maritime segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales by application]]
In the Maritime segment, GNSS is employed to satisfy the demand for navigation and positioning of vessels and crews by different stakeholders.
The e-Navigation initiative of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) aims to enhance the safety and ease of navigation by integrating all navigational tools in an all-encompassing bridge system. As e-Navigation systems should be resilient, they can drive the uptake of multi-constellation GNSS.
The use of positioning in Maritime is widespread, with different categories of vessels, beacons and ports using GNSS for different purposes.
The user needs and performance requirements of GNSS solutions depend heavily on the applications, designed to satisfy needs of improved safety and productivity. In this sense, accuracy and integrity are key for navigating in restricted waters as well as for positioning applications, as per IMO resolution A.915.


European roll-out of ETCS Level 3 is expected to occur gradually towards the end of the decade. Low density line Command & Control Systems (CCS), offering significant cost savings by removing large parts of the trackside infrastructure, is expected to see cautious introduction, particularly on passenger lines.
There are around 29 million recreational vessels in use, whereas other crafts, including fishing vessels, are estimated to be around 3.3 million. This explains the relevance of GNSS shipments for recreational navigation, despite the fact that GNSS penetration is higher in merchant vessels than in recreational and fishing vessels (87% in merchant against 22% in recreational vessels and 8% in fishing
vessels across all applications and globally).  
Aside from recreational navigation, Search & Rescue represents the most relevant market for GNSS. Since 2009, the shipments of Cospas-Sarsat GNSS-enabled emergency beacons stabilised at around 80,000 units per year.
On fishing vessels, both Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) and Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) are used by national authorities to track and monitor the activities of their national fishing fleets.  


==Maritime==
In the coming years, recreational vessels will be responsible for the further growth of GNSS yearly shipments, which will almost double from 1.15 million units in 2013 to 2.0 million in 2023.
GNSS shipments for merchant navigation are expected to almost double in the next ten years, reaching some 50,000 units.


[[File:market_report_2013_core_revenue_maritime.png|right|thumb|400px|Maritime segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales by application]]
GNSS has become the primary means of navigation in many Maritime applications. The IMO has set operational performance requirements for GNSS to
Maritime general navigation was an early adopter of GNSS and remains an extensive user. Is also segment in expansion being the main evolutions related with the following aspects:
be recognized as World-Wide Radio Navigation Systems (WWRNS). Those requirements are expressed in the maritime context in terms of accuracy, coverage, availability, continuity and integrity warnings.
*Multi-constellation GNSS receivers at the centre of the proposed International Maritime Organisation (IMO) e-navigation concept;
In order to ease the introduction of multi-GNSS receivers into the Maritime segment, the IMO “Maritime Safety Committee 90” introduced the need to develop new performance standards for navigation receivers. These new standards will enable full use of the availability, continuity and integrity, as well as increased accuracy, thanks to a combination of multi-constellation GNSS and terrestrial and augmentation systems. The status of the initiative is advanced and such standards are expected to be provided in the course of 2015. Anticipating the provision of standards, the adoption of multi-constellation in user equipment has already started.  
*COSPAS-SARSAT enhancing the infrastructure with GNSS to reduce reaction time in emergency response.


Many of the regulated applications of GNSS in the Maritime segment already have high, if not total, GNSS penetration. For these applications, equipment replacement and new vessel construction are the drivers for equipment sales, as systems reach the end of their lifecycle or become outdated or obsolete.
With over 50,000 regulated vessels globally and large ships using several receivers, this represents a very established, yet stable market.
Sales of devices are forecast to be led by GNSS-equipped SAR beacons for which a number of devices may be installed on each vessel (e.g. on lifeboats). In addition, the lifecycle of a SAR beacon tends to be shorter than for a standard navigation receiver. Second-generation SAR beacons, which are foreseen to have the return link feature, are likely to further stimulate the market in the next decade. The regulatory requirements for such beacons are currently being developed by COSPAS-SARSAT.
The use of GNSS in ports is forecast to grow rapidly due to the increasing congestion of the waters in and around ports, combined with the ever increasing size of vessels. Ports are set to grow into the largest application by revenue by 2022.


==Agriculture==
==Agriculture==


[[File:market_report_2013_core_revenue_agriculture.png|right|thumb|400px|Agriculture segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales by application]]
[[File:market_report_2015_core_revenue_agriculture.png|right|thumb|400px|Agriculture segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales by application]]
Between 2006 and 2012, global shipments and the installed base of GNSS devices in the agriculture segment more than tripled.
Between 2006 and 2012, global shipments and the installed base of GNSS devices in the agriculture segment more than tripled.


North America, representing the highest share in shipments and installed base, is the most technologically advanced region with respect to precision agriculture. Major crop productions are related to corn, soybeans and wheat which are ideal for GNSS-based applications. The Rest of the World comprises countries with markedly different levels of technological development, varying from Japan and Australia, with extensive adoption of precision agriculture, to nascent markets such as China and India. In Europe, growth in shipments and installed base is the result of GNSS adoption in Western European countries where more favourable conditions exist, such as larger average farm size and greater access to capital.
North America is the most technologically advanced region, accounting for 57% of all GNSS devices in 2013.
Asia-Pacific, which is made up of countries with very different agricultural features, is the fastest-growing region in terms of GNSS devices in use – from 0.3% of the total installed base in 2006 to 17% in 2013.  
Europe also experienced an increase in the installed base of GNSS devices, from 51,000 units in 2006 to 129,000 units in 2013. However, this growth has been at a slower pace than the rest of the world (14% per year).
The most mature market is Australia. The increased efficiency provided by GNSS allows farmers there to address such challenges as water shortage and soil fertility, that affect many of Australia’s very large farms.


Technological progress and consolidation of farms are the key drivers for growth in shipments of GNSS devices in all regions. Farmers in developed countries will opt for more advanced solutions (e.g. Automatic steering and VRT) to further increase productivity. On the other hand, developing countries will modernise their means of agricultural production in order to face the major challenges of rising input costs, resource scarcity, and food demand.
From 2013 to 2023, annual shipments of GNSS devices are expected to increase more than fivefold. Overall, GNSS penetration is foreseen to experience a
steady increase over the next decade, reaching 50% by 2023. Increasing competition, bargaining power of end users and economies of scale are all expected to contribute to a progressive decline in the average price of devices, with the effect of technological advancements only partially compensating price erosion. However, thanks to the sustained growth in GNSS device shipments, and in particular advanced applications, global revenues are expected to increase in all GNSS-enabled agricultural applications.  
Variable Rate Technologies will progressively gain momentum, with revenues increasing from €135 million in 2013 to €723 million in 2023.
Likewise, revenues from Asset Management will grow from €11 million in 2013 to €102 million in 2023.
Automatic Steering will generate the largest share of revenues and remain the most expensive application in terms of average price per device. However, it is also expected to experience the fastest price decrease, as high-accuracy applications will become increasingly available worldwide. Overall, revenues associated with Tractor Guidance are expected to peak in 2018, at which point they will begin to decline as farmers shift towards more advanced solutions.
 
The integration of GNSS positioning in Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS), together with the use of additional information coming from various sensors, has revolutionised precision farming. Additional sensors can be used to enable remote sensing with additional information being provided by Earth Observation systems and meteorological stations.
The emergence of more affordable, dual-frequency and multi-constellation receivers, as well as evolutions of PPP solutions, will further support precision farming – contributing, for example, to the improvement of GNSS-based machine auto guidance.


Revenues will be generated mainly by automatic steering and VRT, growing much faster than previously estimated. Together, these two applications will provide nearly 80% of revenues in 2022.


==Surveying==
==Surveying==


[[File:market_report_2013_core_revenue_surveying.png|right|thumb|400px|Surveying segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales and service by application]]
[[File:market_report_2015_core_revenue_surveying.png|right|thumb|400px|Surveying segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales and service by application]]
Major growth in surveying depends heavily on economic conditions in high growth economies. Cadastral and construction segments are the largest applications of GNSS in surveying.
The installed base of GNSS devices has tripled over the past eight years, from 140,000 units in 2006 to 426,000 units in 2013.
New professional users in environmental and engineering disciplines together with mapping communities are fostering the use of geoinformation and the development of new applications.
Asia-Pacific in particular experienced a substantial increase. In 2006, North America accounted for 44% of GNSS devices in use, but by 2013 this share had reduced to 30%. By contrast, Asia-Pacific has grown from 11% to 30% over the same time period.
The growth in GNSS device shipments has been supported by Cadastral Surveying, Mapping and Construction (machine control) which, together, accounted for 87% of the installed base in 2013.
The demand for cadastral surveys is partly the result of population and income growth in emerging countries and the application of the principle of fair taxation in established markets.
Construction activities also played a significant role in fuelling growth, largely due to the construction boom in emerging markets and the post-crisis recovery in established ones. In 2013, the construction industry in Southeastern Asia grew 7.5%, compared to 4.5% increase in the United
States and 4% in Japan, and a 2.5% decrease in Europe.
 
Due to increasing competition and technological advancements, the average price of devices is expected to drop. Starting from 2020, price erosion and growth in shipments will compensate each other, stabilising total annual revenues.
Growth in GNSS devices is expected to be driven by Cadastral Surveying and Construction activities. In 2023, surveying equipment for cadastral applications is expected to account for around half of the 500,000 shipments per annum.
Machine control is foreseen to steadily increase over the next decade, with shipments growing from 35,000 units in 2013 to 155,000 in 2023. This activity can be considered a high value discipline as annual revenues will exceed €1 billion.
 
 
==Timing & Synchronisation==
 
[[File:market_report_2015_devices_time_synchro.png|right|thumb|400px|Timing & Synchronisation segment: Installed base of GNSS devices by application]]
This year's Market Report includes analysis of the Time & Synchronisation segment, restricted to Euro28 and Norway only.
 
Precise Time and Synchronisation (Timing&Sync) is crucial to a range of strategic activities. This is especially the case for Critical Infrastructure (CI), a system or asset essential for maintaining such vital societal functions as health, safety, security, economic and social well-being of people. GNSS is often used to provide this Timing & Sync service in CI.
 
In Satellite Communication (SATCOM), GNSS is used for TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) timing on the satellite links and terrestrial links and NTP (Network Time Protocol) type services for IT/network/satellite monitoring/control.
In Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) and Cellular Networks (Cellular), GNSS is used for the synchronisation of timeslots and for handovers between base stations.
In Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN), GNSS is used as a backup in case timing information from atomic clocks is lost. GNSS reference time can be used for time of day, traffic timing and time slot management.
Many telecom networks employ local oscillators that enable service to be temporarily maintained in case of GNSS loss.


Surveying segment is an early adopter of new location technologies such as GNSS. Currently, professional surveying receivers are already using all available GNSS signals (multi-constellation and multifrequency) and other differential correction techniques (e.g. SBAS, RTK, DGPS). The role of GNSS receivers in the surveying equipment market has demonstrated the added value of satellite positioning to optimise survey operations and fruitful co-existence with other land measurement technologies, such as laser scanners and photogrammetric/LIDAR cameras.
Network automatic protection of systems (Wide Area Measurement Systems/ Wide Area Control Systems) are using Phasor Measurements Units (PMUs) as a source of Timing&Sync information for Network Monitoring (current use) and Automatic Protection (future use). Automatic Protection requires a high level of accuracy and redundancy at PMU level.
PMUs are deployed across remote locations of the power network (nodes), with internal time references currently based on GNSS receivers.


The surveying market in the Rest of the World is expected to experience major growth and develop much faster than in Europe or North America. This is due to a high level of construction activity in those regions. In addition, GNSS is expanding faster in the Rest of the World region because often there are no alternative legacy systems and dense geodetic ground networks to support surveys frequently do not exist. Surveying equipment is still expensive compared to other segments, however price erosion can be observed in the last few years supported by increased competition and demand, and lower production costs.
Financial services rely on very powerful IT systems and networks requiring a high level of availability, security and reliability. GNSS is used for Synchronisation and Time Stamping functions to log events or quotes in a chronologic manner. There is a widespread use of transfer protocols like NTP/PTP to distribute time.


Due to increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population in the Rest of the World, cadastral surveys will increase in importance and frequency. In growing economies, land boundaries and their measurement are likely to become a far more important issue due to the regulations associated with the ownership of property. Cadastral surveys are also important for restoration work after natural disasters.
The GNSS Timing&Synch segment is mainly driven by the Telecommunication sector, which represents around 90% of overall GNSS device shipments.
With the upgrade of the Energy network, GNSS penetration is expected to reach 10% in 2017 (compared to 18% of GNSS overall penetration). GNSS Finance Timing&Sync is a mature market, where PTP is increasingly considered with an on-going research aimed at optimising its robustness.
The GNSS installed base in the three segments (Telecom, Energy and Finance) in the EU28+Norway should reach 276,000 units in 2020, at which time it is expected to plateau.
Rapid growth is expected in Mobile Cellular Networks with investment in 4G, reaching a peak in 2015/2016.
Even if a smaller market size is expected for the Energy sub-segment, an important network upgrade is foreseen in the coming years as use of improved measurement and control systems (WAMS and WACS) is becoming widespread (smart grids) with a CAGR(2017-2023) of the GNSS installed base around 15%.




Latest revision as of 18:38, 1 June 2015


ApplicationsApplications
Title GNSS Market Report
Edited by GMV
Level Intermediate
Year of Publication 2015
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The European GNSS Agency (GSA) has been publishing with some regularity the GNSS Market Report on future trends for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) market[1]. The GSA report is already key references for companies and organisations to build their market strategies in relation to GNSS.

The underlying market model utilises advanced forecasting techniques applied to a comprehensive range of input data, assumptions and scenarios to forecast the size of the GNSS market in the European Union, North America and Rest of the World. Assumptions are informed by expert opinions and model results are cross-checked against the most recent market research reports from independent sources, before being validated through an iterative consultation process with sector experts and stakeholders.[2]

The last report was published on March 2015 and presents forecasts on specific GNSS market segments: Location-based services (LBS), Road, Aviation, Rail, Maritime, Agriculture, Surveying, Timing & Synchronisation. The report can be found in the GSA website.

Report Overview

Cumulative core revenue 2013-2023, GNSS Market Report 2015, GSA.

The first forecast is that the actual global installed base of GNSS devices of 3.6 billion units is predicted to grow to seven billion by 2019 – almost one GNSS receiver for every person on the planet (the previous market report expected this number to be reached only in 2022). The use of smartphones continues to dominate (3.08 billion in 2014), followed by devices for road applications (0.26 billion).

At the regional level, the installed base in EU28 and North America will continue to grow steadily (8% per year). The primary region of global market growth will be Asia-Pacific, which is forecasted to grow 11% per year, from 1.7 billion in 2014 to 4.2 billion devices in 2023. The Middle East and Africa will grow at the fastest rate - 19% per year - but starting from a low base.


Location-based services (LBS)

LBS segment: Shipments of GNSS devices by platform

Smartphones represent the vast majority of shipments, mainly due to their versatility and growig affordability. In 2013, smartphone shipments increased tenfold from 2007. Other GNSS-enabled devices accounted for more than 100 million units in 2013. Among them, tablets represented the second largest application. Their shipments increase 640% between 2010 and 2013, with major markets being Europe, North America and Asia. Finally, the wearable band market has exploded in the first half of 2014, with a 700% increase. High end devices feature assisted multi-constellation GNSS capabilities coupled with 3G or better connectivity. North America and Europe are the leading regions in shipments.

Location Based Services rely on multiple location technologies, often combined with additional smartphone sensors. In fact, location data comes from:

  • handset-based technologies, such as GNSS, with computations performed mainly in the handset;
  • network-based technologies (e.g. Cell-ID, RF Pattern Matching and U-TDOA) with computations performed mainly in the network.

Moreover, the advent of hybrid technologies such as A-GNSS and OTDOA - with intelligence in both the handset and the network - addresses user demand for access the location data in any environment.

In this perspective, GNSS with other location technologies (accelerometer, gyroscope, compass) compliment each other, provide reliable location information augmented with data from sensors in the handset.

The trend of integrating multiple GNSS constellations in smartphone chipsets started in 2011 with the emergence of the first GPS/GLONASS devices. The high penetration of GLONASS was supported by the announcement of a 25% tax on mobile phones imported to Russia without such capability. More recently, smartphones employing Galileo and BeiDou have also entered the market.

Road

Road segment: Installed base of GNSS devices by application

Since 2008, annual GNSS shipments worldwide have stabilised to 50 million units per year thanks to the success of navigation solutions, in particular Portable Navigation Devices (PNDs). In the last five years, smartphones had a disruptive impact on the PND market. This was in large part due to the improvement in GNSS receiver performance (e.g. AGNSS and multi-constellation), introduction of supporting technologies thanks to sensor fusion (e.g. dead reckoning), as well as the progressive increase in screen size and user friendliness of navigation apps for road navigation with pre-installed and self-updating maps. The decrease in PND sales has been compensated by the growth of In-Vehicle Systems (IVS) shipments, which experienced an average annual increase of 11% from 2009 to 2013. Such growth is motivated by the commercial opportunities offered by IVS as a platform, enabling navigation and connected vehicles, as well as many other GNSS-enabled services that meet user demand for comfort, infotainment and safety. A number of additional applications, including road user charging (RUC), insurance telematics and eCall, accounted for 3 million additional units shipped in 2013.

Also, GNSS-based tolling is being increasingly adopted. With GNSS-based tolling, users can be charged based on different criteria (type of road, time, distance, vehicle type, level of emissions), all of which are easily modifiable over space and time. Other benefits of GNSS in complex new networks include low transaction costs, minimal environmental impact and additional revenues from value added services. At the end of 2014, the unique flexibility of GNSS enabled Slovakia to scale up GNSS-based tolling network operations in only three months, with its charged network increasing 7.5 times from 2,477 to 17,762 kilometres.

Finally, the principle of GNSS positioning - with performances highly influenced by the conditions of the operational environment - and the need to ensure appropriate performance throughout the equipment’s lifetime, the development of standards and certification references on positioning performance is fundamental for device vendors and service providers, especially when it concerns safety-critical applications. The development of such standards will certainly have a positive impact on future road ITS industry developments, especially in regards to the need to provide industry with the highest practicable degree of uniformity in the provision and operation of GNSS services. Additionally, the automotive industry agrees on the future view of a sensors’ fusion, with GNSS as a core component, integrated into a car to provide enhanced positioning capabilities to be used with a plethora of innovative applications.


Aviation

Aviation segment: Installed base of GNSS devices by segment

GNSS is included in all modern aircraft, whereas SBAS capable receivers are usually found as standard fit only in modern business and general aviation aircraft. General Aviation is the largest aviation sub-segment, with more aircraft and pilots than the business, regional, and commercial segments combined. The vast majority of these are located in North America. Sales in this segment are dominated by Visual Flight Rules (VFR) users who upgrade their devices more frequently to ensure they have the latest functionality or application. Due to the cost of devices certified for Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) use, most Commercial, Regional, and Business Aviation aircraft are retrofitted with enhanced avionics only once during the aircraft’s lifetime (often around 30 years). New for this year’s market report is the inclusion of Search and Rescue Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) into the chart data. The number of ELTs shipped is far exceeded by the PLBs. This is primarily due to the PLBs being used by smaller aircraft of less than six seats, which are much more numerous. Commercial, Regional and Business Aviation tend to be the prime target for ELTs.

Shipments of IFR devices are expected to fall and plateau around the 15,000 per annum level, due to the increased equipage penetration of GNSS devices within an already strong market segment, with the retrofit market continuing to dominate the aviation market. Commercial Aviation is expected to continue using APV Baro approach procedures (at airports where ILS is not available) until Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) CAT II and CAT III become available, which should increase interest in retrofits. Future developments in equipment are expected to focus on the integration of multi-constellation and enable capabilities such as Advanced RAIM (A-RAIM), which uses two independent GNSS core constellations to monitor position integrity. The number of PLB devices shipped is expected to grow, continuing to exceed the number of ELT devices shipped. The major growth areas for Commercial Aviation will be Asia Pacific and Middle East and Africa.

Also, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging and promising market for GNSS in Aviation, thanks to their need for precise positioning and orientation. UAVs were initially used for military and security purposes. However, a wide range of civil applications will further drive market growth.

GNSS developments in Aviation focus on enabling navigation applications, such as advanced Required Navigation Performance (RNP) and aerodrome manoeuvering, by leveraging multi-constellation/multi-frequency GNSS solutions. The technical requirements are being developed in this context to allow the aviation industry to benefit from improved integrity, accuracy and continuity. The transition to multi-constellation will also enable the introduction of Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM), which will extend the benefits of LPV performances to those areas of the world not currently serviced by SBAS systems like EGNOS.


Rail

Rail segment: Shipments of GNSS devices by application

Introduction of rail applications must consider the constraints in the specific railway environment (e.g. limited satellite visibility, significant multipath or even electromagnetic interference). GNSS performance compliance to expected requirements for safety-relevant rail applications is being analysed. Accuracy and integrity requirements that are under development within UNISIG are expected to be very stringent. The use of GNSS should continue the growth in non-safety-relevant applications. Many rail freight cars, for which GNSS can be used for asset tracking, currently contain no power supply. Alternative solutions and their associated costs are being investigated first.

Asset management applications are currently driving and expected to continue to drive shipments of GNSS devices. For the nearly 220,000 trains in the world dedicated to freight, the number of wagons with GNSS equipment is around 2.8 mln. In the coming years, safety-relevant applications (signalling and train control) based on GNSS will be increasingly developed.

Despite the trend to include GNSS in safety-relevant applications, GNSS is currently used in non-safety-relevant ones, such as in passenger information and asset management, where technological innovation plays an important role. Due to upcoming market opportunities, the manufacturers are preparing to enter the railway signalling domain, which belongs within the realm of safety-relevant applications.


Maritime

Maritime segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales by application

In the Maritime segment, GNSS is employed to satisfy the demand for navigation and positioning of vessels and crews by different stakeholders. The e-Navigation initiative of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) aims to enhance the safety and ease of navigation by integrating all navigational tools in an all-encompassing bridge system. As e-Navigation systems should be resilient, they can drive the uptake of multi-constellation GNSS. The use of positioning in Maritime is widespread, with different categories of vessels, beacons and ports using GNSS for different purposes. The user needs and performance requirements of GNSS solutions depend heavily on the applications, designed to satisfy needs of improved safety and productivity. In this sense, accuracy and integrity are key for navigating in restricted waters as well as for positioning applications, as per IMO resolution A.915.

There are around 29 million recreational vessels in use, whereas other crafts, including fishing vessels, are estimated to be around 3.3 million. This explains the relevance of GNSS shipments for recreational navigation, despite the fact that GNSS penetration is higher in merchant vessels than in recreational and fishing vessels (87% in merchant against 22% in recreational vessels and 8% in fishing vessels across all applications and globally). Aside from recreational navigation, Search & Rescue represents the most relevant market for GNSS. Since 2009, the shipments of Cospas-Sarsat GNSS-enabled emergency beacons stabilised at around 80,000 units per year. On fishing vessels, both Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) and Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) are used by national authorities to track and monitor the activities of their national fishing fleets.

In the coming years, recreational vessels will be responsible for the further growth of GNSS yearly shipments, which will almost double from 1.15 million units in 2013 to 2.0 million in 2023. GNSS shipments for merchant navigation are expected to almost double in the next ten years, reaching some 50,000 units.

GNSS has become the primary means of navigation in many Maritime applications. The IMO has set operational performance requirements for GNSS to be recognized as World-Wide Radio Navigation Systems (WWRNS). Those requirements are expressed in the maritime context in terms of accuracy, coverage, availability, continuity and integrity warnings. In order to ease the introduction of multi-GNSS receivers into the Maritime segment, the IMO “Maritime Safety Committee 90” introduced the need to develop new performance standards for navigation receivers. These new standards will enable full use of the availability, continuity and integrity, as well as increased accuracy, thanks to a combination of multi-constellation GNSS and terrestrial and augmentation systems. The status of the initiative is advanced and such standards are expected to be provided in the course of 2015. Anticipating the provision of standards, the adoption of multi-constellation in user equipment has already started.


Agriculture

Agriculture segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales by application

Between 2006 and 2012, global shipments and the installed base of GNSS devices in the agriculture segment more than tripled.

North America is the most technologically advanced region, accounting for 57% of all GNSS devices in 2013. Asia-Pacific, which is made up of countries with very different agricultural features, is the fastest-growing region in terms of GNSS devices in use – from 0.3% of the total installed base in 2006 to 17% in 2013. Europe also experienced an increase in the installed base of GNSS devices, from 51,000 units in 2006 to 129,000 units in 2013. However, this growth has been at a slower pace than the rest of the world (14% per year). The most mature market is Australia. The increased efficiency provided by GNSS allows farmers there to address such challenges as water shortage and soil fertility, that affect many of Australia’s very large farms.

From 2013 to 2023, annual shipments of GNSS devices are expected to increase more than fivefold. Overall, GNSS penetration is foreseen to experience a steady increase over the next decade, reaching 50% by 2023. Increasing competition, bargaining power of end users and economies of scale are all expected to contribute to a progressive decline in the average price of devices, with the effect of technological advancements only partially compensating price erosion. However, thanks to the sustained growth in GNSS device shipments, and in particular advanced applications, global revenues are expected to increase in all GNSS-enabled agricultural applications. Variable Rate Technologies will progressively gain momentum, with revenues increasing from €135 million in 2013 to €723 million in 2023. Likewise, revenues from Asset Management will grow from €11 million in 2013 to €102 million in 2023. Automatic Steering will generate the largest share of revenues and remain the most expensive application in terms of average price per device. However, it is also expected to experience the fastest price decrease, as high-accuracy applications will become increasingly available worldwide. Overall, revenues associated with Tractor Guidance are expected to peak in 2018, at which point they will begin to decline as farmers shift towards more advanced solutions.

The integration of GNSS positioning in Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS), together with the use of additional information coming from various sensors, has revolutionised precision farming. Additional sensors can be used to enable remote sensing with additional information being provided by Earth Observation systems and meteorological stations. The emergence of more affordable, dual-frequency and multi-constellation receivers, as well as evolutions of PPP solutions, will further support precision farming – contributing, for example, to the improvement of GNSS-based machine auto guidance.


Surveying

Surveying segment: Core revenue from GNSS device sales and service by application

The installed base of GNSS devices has tripled over the past eight years, from 140,000 units in 2006 to 426,000 units in 2013. Asia-Pacific in particular experienced a substantial increase. In 2006, North America accounted for 44% of GNSS devices in use, but by 2013 this share had reduced to 30%. By contrast, Asia-Pacific has grown from 11% to 30% over the same time period. The growth in GNSS device shipments has been supported by Cadastral Surveying, Mapping and Construction (machine control) which, together, accounted for 87% of the installed base in 2013. The demand for cadastral surveys is partly the result of population and income growth in emerging countries and the application of the principle of fair taxation in established markets. Construction activities also played a significant role in fuelling growth, largely due to the construction boom in emerging markets and the post-crisis recovery in established ones. In 2013, the construction industry in Southeastern Asia grew 7.5%, compared to 4.5% increase in the United States and 4% in Japan, and a 2.5% decrease in Europe.

Due to increasing competition and technological advancements, the average price of devices is expected to drop. Starting from 2020, price erosion and growth in shipments will compensate each other, stabilising total annual revenues. Growth in GNSS devices is expected to be driven by Cadastral Surveying and Construction activities. In 2023, surveying equipment for cadastral applications is expected to account for around half of the 500,000 shipments per annum. Machine control is foreseen to steadily increase over the next decade, with shipments growing from 35,000 units in 2013 to 155,000 in 2023. This activity can be considered a high value discipline as annual revenues will exceed €1 billion.


Timing & Synchronisation

Timing & Synchronisation segment: Installed base of GNSS devices by application

This year's Market Report includes analysis of the Time & Synchronisation segment, restricted to Euro28 and Norway only.

Precise Time and Synchronisation (Timing&Sync) is crucial to a range of strategic activities. This is especially the case for Critical Infrastructure (CI), a system or asset essential for maintaining such vital societal functions as health, safety, security, economic and social well-being of people. GNSS is often used to provide this Timing & Sync service in CI.

In Satellite Communication (SATCOM), GNSS is used for TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) timing on the satellite links and terrestrial links and NTP (Network Time Protocol) type services for IT/network/satellite monitoring/control. In Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) and Cellular Networks (Cellular), GNSS is used for the synchronisation of timeslots and for handovers between base stations. In Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN), GNSS is used as a backup in case timing information from atomic clocks is lost. GNSS reference time can be used for time of day, traffic timing and time slot management. Many telecom networks employ local oscillators that enable service to be temporarily maintained in case of GNSS loss.

Network automatic protection of systems (Wide Area Measurement Systems/ Wide Area Control Systems) are using Phasor Measurements Units (PMUs) as a source of Timing&Sync information for Network Monitoring (current use) and Automatic Protection (future use). Automatic Protection requires a high level of accuracy and redundancy at PMU level. PMUs are deployed across remote locations of the power network (nodes), with internal time references currently based on GNSS receivers.

Financial services rely on very powerful IT systems and networks requiring a high level of availability, security and reliability. GNSS is used for Synchronisation and Time Stamping functions to log events or quotes in a chronologic manner. There is a widespread use of transfer protocols like NTP/PTP to distribute time.

The GNSS Timing&Synch segment is mainly driven by the Telecommunication sector, which represents around 90% of overall GNSS device shipments. With the upgrade of the Energy network, GNSS penetration is expected to reach 10% in 2017 (compared to 18% of GNSS overall penetration). GNSS Finance Timing&Sync is a mature market, where PTP is increasingly considered with an on-going research aimed at optimising its robustness. The GNSS installed base in the three segments (Telecom, Energy and Finance) in the EU28+Norway should reach 276,000 units in 2020, at which time it is expected to plateau. Rapid growth is expected in Mobile Cellular Networks with investment in 4G, reaching a peak in 2015/2016. Even if a smaller market size is expected for the Energy sub-segment, an important network upgrade is foreseen in the coming years as use of improved measurement and control systems (WAMS and WACS) is becoming widespread (smart grids) with a CAGR(2017-2023) of the GNSS installed base around 15%.


Previous Report Issues

The previous GNSS Market Reports can be found in the GSA Site:

References

  1. ^ GNSS Market Report, European GNSS Agency (GSA)
  2. ^ GSA Market Report Promises Success For GNSS, European GNSS Agency (GSA), October, 2013
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