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The Electronic Bracelets product is an example of [[Personal Trackers|personal trackers]] sort of systems and can be applied for both persons or animals depending of the tracking objectives.  
The Electronic Bracelets are an example of [[Personal Trackers|personal tracking]] products, meant to control prison populations, house arrests or protecting victims of crimes.


The electronic ankle bracelets are an example of personal tracking products, meant to control prison populations, house arrests, law enforcement, theft prevention, or protecting newborn infants in hospital nurseries, among several other uses.
These systems are design to serve as alternative to prison for situation determined in trial, as well as, to monitor post-sentence behaviors for some sort of crimes, such as child molesters or other types of sex offenders.
 
These products have an enormous potential for persons tracking, but also for other fields, such as pets tracking or wildlife tracking, among other uses.
   
   


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The most obvious association with GNSS bracelets is the tracking of persons charged with a crime that require home monitoring.
The most obvious association with GNSS bracelets is the tracking of persons charged with a crime that require home monitoring.


The electronic bracelets are now a common alternative to incarceration and to provide a control and accountability structure for selected probationers, as well as to provide an extra layer of supervision to the community at large<ref>[http://www.mass.gov/courts/probation/elmofactsheet.pdf The Electronic Monitoring Program] - 2010 Fact Sheet - The Massachusetts Probation Service</ref>.
Although, the electronic bracelets are now a common alternative to incarceration and to provide a control and accountability structure for selected probationers, as well as to provide an extra layer of supervision to the community at large.<ref>[http://www.mass.gov/courts/probation/elmofactsheet.pdf The Electronic Monitoring Program] - 2010 Fact Sheet - The Massachusetts Probation Service</ref>
 
The Electronic Bracelets systems usually offer the following capabilities:


There are, however, another useful bracelets GNSS tracking utilization, such as:
* '''Home facilities geofence''': In case an offender leaves his or her home at a time not authorized by a judge, an alert (auditory and visual) indicates that the probationer is out of the defined [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geofence geofence].
* '''Prevent destruction or removal''': In case the bracelet is removed or destroyed, a sensor will indicate this violation and an alert is arise.  
* '''Kids tracking''': usually in watches format, these devices are mentioned in detail in [[Personal Trackers | personal trackers]] article.
* '''Track an evasion''': In case the offender steps away out of the defined geofence, an arrest warrant is issued and the suspect can be easily tracked.  
* '''Elderly relatives tracking''': these devices are mentioned in detail in [[Personal Trackers | personal trackers]] article.
* '''Grant a restrained freedom''': In some situations some offenders can continue to carry their jobs, within a defined geofence, without issuing an alert.
* '''Law enforcement''': these devices are mentioned in detail in [[Personal Trackers | personal trackers]] article.
* '''Detection of infractions''': This systems can also be programmed to detect speeding situation, when the offenders are allowed to drive.
* '''Theft prevention''': these devices are mentioned in detail in [[Personal Trackers | personal trackers]] article.
* '''Victims protection''': The geofence mechanism can also be used to detect if the offender enters in forbidden areas, for instance in domestic violence situations. In case the offender happens to enter in an exclusion geofence, the police can act and notify the victim about the situation<ref>[http://www.dailycampus.com/commentary/editorial-gps-bracelets-would-deter-domestic-violence-1.1278010 GPS bracelets would deter domestic violence]</ref>.
* '''Pets tracking''': these bracelets are targeted to owners of dogs and cats.  
The technology to use GNSS to track pets is relatively new. Most of current systems require an utilization in areas covered by the GSM cellular network<ref>[http://www.gps-practice-and-fun.com/gps-pet-tracking.html GPS practice and fun site] - Pet tracking</ref>.
Although, some collars systems are able to locate pets within a certain range and display this information in a color LCD viewer. These systems are able to display pets exact location, current movements and velocity. The systems are able to track multiple pets simultaneously and also permit the creation of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geofence geofences] in order to activate alerts to the user, once the animal moves out the defined area.  


* '''Wildlife tracking''': meant for wildlife study and prevention, these bracelets are usually used in mammals and large birds.
The GNSS wildlife tracking is another high-potential growth area for GNSS applications. With ever smaller dimensions and weights and the availability of solar cell power these devices can be used in a growing number of cases<ref>[http://www.gps-practice-and-fun.com/gps-wildlife-tracking.html GPS practice and fun site] - Wildlife tracking</ref>. Simpler units store data in internal memory, which can be later retrieved.
Other systems for wildlife tracking units send the data through a cell phone network in regular time intervals or on demand in the case of units with two way communication.
The most sophisticated GNSS wildlife tracking systems send the data in regular intervals via satellites, allowing a global coverage.


These products are considered as non-critical products.
These products are considered as non-critical products.


The accuracy required by these applications is low. The current accuracy provided by civilian GPS is enough for these applications. Availability, however, can be reduced due to urban environments.
The accuracy required by these applications is low. The current accuracy provided by civilian GPS is enough for these applications. Availability, however, can be reduced due to urban environments, but it can be improved by with the Assisted-GPS technology.
 




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The offenders tracking devices are the most evolute electronic bracelet devices and some systems are able to integrate GNSS with other legacy technologies.
The offenders tracking devices are the most evolute electronic bracelet devices and some systems are able to integrate GNSS with other legacy technologies.


The systems used for keep tracking of persons charged with a crime are now moving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification RFID] to GNSS technology, which grants a more reliable product in terms of tracking needs:
The systems used for keep tracking of persons charged with a crime are now moving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification RFID] to GNSS technology, which grants a more reliable product in terms of tracking needs.
* In case an offender leaves his or her home at a time not authorized by a judge, an alert (auditory and visual) indicates that the probationer is out of the defined geofence.
* In case the bracelet is removed or destroyed, a sensor will indicate this violation and an alert is arise.
* In case the offender steps away out of the defined geofence, an arrest warrant is issued and the suspect can be easly tracked.
* In some situations some offenders can continue to carry their jobs, within a defined geofence, without issuing an alert.
* This systems can also be programmed to detect speeding situation, when the offenders are allowed to drive. 
* The geofence mechanism can also be used to detect if the offender enters in forbidden areas, for instance in domestic violence situations. In case the offender happens to enter in an exclusion geofence, the police can act and notify the victim about the situation<ref>[http://www.dailycampus.com/commentary/editorial-gps-bracelets-would-deter-domestic-violence-1.1278010 GPS bracelets would deter domestic violence]</ref>.
 
 
The GNSS bracelet devices are labeled in two different types, the active and the passive units<ref>[http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4965552_gps-ankle-bracelet-work.html#ixzz1KTsAmY5M eHow.com] How Does a GPS Ankle Bracelet Work?</ref>:
The GNSS bracelet devices are labeled in two different types, the active and the passive units<ref>[http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4965552_gps-ankle-bracelet-work.html#ixzz1KTsAmY5M eHow.com] How Does a GPS Ankle Bracelet Work?</ref>:

Revision as of 15:35, 26 April 2011


ApplicationsApplications
Title Electronic Bracelets
Author(s) Rui Barradas Pereira.
Level Basic
Year of Publication 2011
Logo GMV.png


The Electronic Bracelets are an example of personal tracking products, meant to control prison populations, house arrests or protecting victims of crimes.

These systems are design to serve as alternative to prison for situation determined in trial, as well as, to monitor post-sentence behaviors for some sort of crimes, such as child molesters or other types of sex offenders.


Product Description

The most obvious association with GNSS bracelets is the tracking of persons charged with a crime that require home monitoring.

Although, the electronic bracelets are now a common alternative to incarceration and to provide a control and accountability structure for selected probationers, as well as to provide an extra layer of supervision to the community at large.[1]

The Electronic Bracelets systems usually offer the following capabilities:

  • Home facilities geofence: In case an offender leaves his or her home at a time not authorized by a judge, an alert (auditory and visual) indicates that the probationer is out of the defined geofence.
  • Prevent destruction or removal: In case the bracelet is removed or destroyed, a sensor will indicate this violation and an alert is arise.
  • Track an evasion: In case the offender steps away out of the defined geofence, an arrest warrant is issued and the suspect can be easily tracked.
  • Grant a restrained freedom: In some situations some offenders can continue to carry their jobs, within a defined geofence, without issuing an alert.
  • Detection of infractions: This systems can also be programmed to detect speeding situation, when the offenders are allowed to drive.
  • Victims protection: The geofence mechanism can also be used to detect if the offender enters in forbidden areas, for instance in domestic violence situations. In case the offender happens to enter in an exclusion geofence, the police can act and notify the victim about the situation[2].


These products are considered as non-critical products.

The accuracy required by these applications is low. The current accuracy provided by civilian GPS is enough for these applications. Availability, however, can be reduced due to urban environments, but it can be improved by with the Assisted-GPS technology.


Product Characterization

The offenders tracking devices are the most evolute electronic bracelet devices and some systems are able to integrate GNSS with other legacy technologies.

The systems used for keep tracking of persons charged with a crime are now moving from RFID to GNSS technology, which grants a more reliable product in terms of tracking needs.

The GNSS bracelet devices are labeled in two different types, the active and the passive units[3]:

  • Active units: These devices collect the offenders data and position in real time, leaving little chance for the tracked person to trespasses the geofence. The GNSS devices send the data to a command and control website which allow the police officers to get the location of the offender immediately.
  • Passive units: These devices collect the offenders data, that is stored throughout his daily activities. The person tracked connects the unit daily in a docking station. This station is plugged into a power outlet and the offenders home phone line. The police officers then evaluate the data through the command and control website website to see where the offender was through the course of the day.

The data collected is based on few different variables, such as position information, which allow to pinpoint the positions in a map. The offenders direction, traveling speed, time of day and date are all monitored, for both types of units.


Product Examples

The following Manufacturers are producing GNSS Electronic Monitoring Devices and appication platforms for house arrests[4]:

GNSS Wildlife tracking systems:


Notes


References

  1. ^ The Electronic Monitoring Program - 2010 Fact Sheet - The Massachusetts Probation Service
  2. ^ GPS bracelets would deter domestic violence
  3. ^ eHow.com How Does a GPS Ankle Bracelet Work?
  4. ^ GPS practice and fun site - Offender tracking
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