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{{Article Infobox2
{{Article Infobox2
|Category=Applications
|Category=Applications
|Title={{PAGENAME}}
|Editors=GMV
|Authors=GMV.
|Level=Intermediate
|Level=Medium
|YearOfPublication=2011
|YearOfPublication=2011
|Logo=GMV
|Logo=GMV
}}
}}
The chartplotters are dedicated devices meant to be used in maritime navigation activities.


The GNSS Chartplotters are dedicated devices meant to be used in maritime navigation activities.
There are two types of maritime products using GNSS technology, the handheld devices and the chartplotters units. There is also the option of using a computer connected to a GNSS receiver, running a chartplotter software.


There are two types of maritime products using GNSS technology, the handheld devices and the chartplotters units. There is also the option of using a computer connected to GNSS, loaded with proper software.
These products provide assistance in three major nautical activities: maritime en route navigation, collision avoidance (using [[AIS-VTS|AIS]]) and fishing activities.  
 
These products provide assistance in three major nautical activities: maritime en route navigation, collision avoidance (through means of AIS) and fishing activities.


== Product Description ==
== Product Description ==
The GNSS chartplotters provide an improvement over the generic handheld devices, because these are marine dedicated devices able to display electronic nautical charts and are tailored for nautical use being able to interface with other devices in the vessel.  
The GNSS chartplotters provided an improvement over handheld devices, because these are marine dedicated devices able to electronic represent nautical charts, over a navigation application.  
Chartplotters can be mounted in the vessels connected to an external GNSS antenna that usually offers better accuracy and availability while others are have a built-in GNSS antenna.  
These devices can be mounted in the vessels and there are also some products with portable capabilities and internal GNSS antenna.
Some products can be connected to an external GNSS antenna that usually offers better signal performance.


The chartplotters screens are considerably larger than the handheld devices and they provide usability improvements, such as large buttons and screens conceived to be visible in harsh conditions and direct sunlight.  
The chartplotters screens are considerably larger than the handheld devices and they provide usability improvements, such as large buttons and screens conceived to be visible in harsh conditions and direct sunlight.  


The chartplotter equipments must be feed by an Electronic Position Fixing System (EPFS), in order to be able to perform an automatic and continuous vessel's position update, using either a terrestrial hyperbolic radio navigation system such as [[wikipedia:LORAN|LORAN-C]], or GNSS.  
Some chartplotter equipments must be feed by an Electronic Position Fixing System (EPFS), in order to be able to perform an automatic and continuous vessel's position update, using either a terrestrial hyperbolic radio navigation system such as [[wikipedia:LORAN|LORAN-C]] or GNSS. But many of the current chartplotter devices integrate a GNSS receiver into a single unit.
Many of current chartplotter devices integrate a GNSS receiver into a single unit.


These devices often integrate and display data from other devices like the radar or depth sounder.
These devices often integrate and display data from other devices like the radar or depth sounder. The radar overlay feature confirms the precise positioning relative to the chart. It can reveal inconsistencies and it is very useful in small screens, where this feature permit to see more content in the same display. It will work as a backup system in case of failure of GNSS signal.<ref name="marinegpscp">[http://sailing.about.com/od/navigationseamanship/a/basicchartplotter.htm Basic Navigation with a Chartplotter], Tom Lochhaas</ref>
The radar overlay feature confirms the precise positioning relative to the chart. It can reveal inconsistencies and it is very useful in small screens, where this feature permit to see more content in the same display.
It will work as a backup system in case of failure of GNSS signal.<ref name="marinegpscp">[http://www.marinegpschartplotter.co.nz/ Marine GPS Chartplotter], Info Centre</ref>


The information that is shown in chartplotter, usually includes water depth, obstructions on the path, environment, and other small but important data.<ref>[http://www.maps-gps-info.com/mrn-gp.html Maps GPS info Site], Marine GPS</ref>
The information shown in chartplotters, usually includes water depth, obstructions on the path, environment, and other small but important data.<ref>[http://www.maps-gps-info.com/mrn-gp.html Maps GPS info Site], Marine GPS</ref>
   
   
=== Handhelds ===
=== Handhelds ===
 
The handheld receivers for marine utilization are usually a cheaper and portable solution, providing the same functions as the chartplotters. These devices, lack in usability due to the small buttons and screens, however, some models are waterproof, rugged, with floating capability and screens conceived to be visible in harsh conditions and direct sunlight.
The Handheld receivers for marine utilization are usually a cheaper and portable solution, providing the same functions as the chartplotters. These devices, lack in usability due to the small buttons and screens, however, some models are waterproof, rugged, with floating capability and screens conceived to be visible in harsh conditions and direct sunlight.


The battery dependency and the GNSS internal antenna can often discourage the use of these devices. Even though, some equipments can be connected to external power sources and to external antennas.
The battery dependency and the GNSS internal antenna can often discourage the use of these devices. Even though, some equipments can be connected to external power sources and to external antennas.


=== Computer Connected to a GNSS receiver ===
=== Computer Connected to a GNSS receiver ===
This solution is usually applied inside vessel's deck, where a computer unit can be used for planning and for navigation.  
This solution is usually applied inside vessel's deck, where a computer unit can be used for planning and for navigation.  


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== Product Characterization ==
== Product Characterization ==
[[File:ECDISTA.jpg|right|thumb|500px|Chartplotter in vessel's deck]]
[[File:ECDISTA.jpg|right|thumb|500px|Chartplotter in vessel's deck]]


Typically the chartplloters perform three main functions:
Typically the chartplotters perform three main functions:
* '''Straight line navigation''': This is the waypoint navigation, where the user inserts a destination point, that can be defined as a coordinates position. The devices provide the following information: bearing, speed, and heading. The bearing provides the direction to follow, the speed of the vessel provides the estimated time of arrival to the destination while the heading provides the current vessel's direction, which is also helpful in order to make navigation corrections.
* '''Straight line navigation''': This is the waypoint navigation, where the user inserts a destination point, that can be defined as a coordinates position. The devices provide the following information: bearing, speed, and heading. The bearing provides the direction to follow, the speed of the vessel provides the estimated time of arrival to the destination while the heading provides the current vessel's direction, which is also helpful in order to make navigation corrections.
* '''Tracks''': This is the waypoints recording function, analogous the functions existing in many handheld equipments. It is important, for instance, in narrow waterway navigation, in order to avoid obstruction such as rocks, or to execute reverse route navigation, to the starting point.
* '''Tracks''': This is the waypoints recording function, analogous the functions existing in many handheld equipments. It is important, for instance, in narrow waterway navigation, in order to avoid obstruction such as rocks, or to execute reverse route navigation, to the starting point.
* '''Routes''': This is the waypoints navigation, where the user inserts a collection of waypoints, similar to the function provided in other navigation devices. The chartplotter will provide directions from one point to the other.
* '''Routes''': This is the waypoints navigation, where the user inserts a collection of waypoints, similar to the function provided in other navigation devices. The chartplotter will provide directions from one point to the other.


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* Identify vessel's position in relation to anchorage zones, marine reserves, different channels or shipping lanes.  
* Identify vessel's position in relation to anchorage zones, marine reserves, different channels or shipping lanes.  
* Obtain awareness of where exactly the water hazards are located.
* Obtain awareness of where exactly the water hazards are located.
* View certain underwater details including reefs, sand banks and other underwater rises and drop offs.  
* View certain underwater details including reefs, sand banks and other underwater rises and dropoffs.  
* Low visibility conditions, e.g., night and fog navigation.
* Low visibility conditions, e.g., night and fog navigation.
* Receive direction instructions.
* Receive direction instructions.


=== Electronic Charts ===
=== Electronic Nautical Charts ===
An electronic chart is mandatory for the user to operate the device. A GNSS chart is basically a digital representation of a nautical chart that are usually on paper. However these devices will not make a complete replacement of paper charts, despite the fact that chartplotter will be the primary navigation tool.  
An electronic chart is mandatory for the user to operate the device. An electronic nautical chart is basically a digital representation of a paper nautical chart. However these electronic charts will not be a complete replacement of paper charts, since even if the chartplotter is the primary navigation tool the vessel should have paper charts as backup.  


There are two basic format of charts that can be used in chartplotters:
There are two basic formats of charts that can be used in chartplotters:
# '''Raster charts''': These are the geo-referenced version of a paper chart. This format provides detailed information, but it requires large amount of memory and processing power from the computer or GNSS units, because its basically a scan of the chart in paper format. The zoom function will increase or decrease the size of the elements in chart reducing the usability in some situations.
# '''Vector charts''': These are composed by mathematical representations of points, lines and polygons, that are used to draw features onto the chart. The biggest advantage is the capability to view the information as layers that can be added or removed from the chart. Each element on the chart is an object with detailed information, that can be accessed. The usability is not affected by zooming since the features are redrawn depending on the zoom level.


* '''Raster charts''': These are the geo-referenced version of a paper chart. This format provides detailed information, but it requires large amount of memory and processing power from the computer or GNSS units, because its basically a copy of the chart in paper format. The zoom function will increase or decrease the size of the elements in chart, degrading the usability in some situations.
The electronic nautical charts are usually found in proprietary formats, for instance, ''Navionics'', ''Lowrance'' or ''Garmin''.<ref name="marinegpscp" />
 
* '''Vector charts''': These are instruction primitives of points, lines and polygons, that are used to draw features onto the chart. The biggest advantage is the capability to view the information as layers that can be added or removed from the chart. Each element on the chart is an object with detailed information, that can be accessed. The zooming capabilities provides more usability to the user, than the one offered by Raster charts.
 
The electronic charts are usually found in proprietary formats, for instance, ''Navionics'', ''Lowrance'' or ''Garmin''.<ref name="marinegpscp" />
   
   
=== Fish finders ===
=== Fish finders ===
A fish finder is a marine electronic device that searches with sound waves and converts the returning signals into a picture on a display screen.
A fish finder is a marine electronic device that searches with sound waves and converts the returning signals into a picture on a display screen.
Some multi-function chartplotters combine fish finders into the same chartplotter unit, providing a powerful GNSS tool with useful capabilities for fishers.<ref name="marinegpscp" />
Some multi-function chartplotters combine fish finders into the same chartplotter unit, providing a powerful GNSS tool with useful capabilities for fishers.<ref name="marinegpscp" />


== Product Examples ==
== Product Examples ==
 
The most expensive chartplotters have large and high resolution color screens, large memory, fast processors, multi-function capability or the ability to be linked to other equipments.
The most expensive chartplotters have larger, high resolution color screens, large memory, fast processors, multi-function capability or the ability to be linked to other equipments.
Cheaper models have smaller screens, fewer features, slower processors and less memory. Despite this these units are quality products that provide adequate navigation capabilities.
Cheaper models have smaller screens, fewer features, slower processors and less memory. Although, these units are quality products that provides sufficient navigation capabilities.


There are a number of maritime electronics manufacturers such as:<ref>[http://www.marine-electronics-reviews.com/choosing-a-gps-chartplotter.html Marine electronics reviews site]</ref>
There are a number of maritime electronics manufacturers such as:<ref>[http://www.marine-electronics-reviews.com/choosing-a-gps-chartplotter.html Marine electronics reviews site]</ref>
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* [https://buy.garmin.com/shop/shop.do?cID=147 Garmin]
* [https://buy.garmin.com/shop/shop.do?cID=147 Garmin]
* [http://www.humminbird.com/ Humminbird]
* [http://www.humminbird.com/ Humminbird]
* [http://www.lowrance.com/Products/Marine/ Lowrance]
* [http://www.lowrance.com/ Lowrance]
* [http://www.magellangps.com/ Magellan]
* [http://www.magellangps.com/ Magellan]
* [http://www.raymarine.com/ Raymarine]
* [http://www.raymarine.com/ Raymarine]
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There are several companies providing software and electronic charts, to be operated in chartplotters or in computers:
There are several companies providing software and electronic charts, to be operated in chartplotters or in computers:
* [http://www.c-map.com/ C-map] C-map NT+ , C-map Max , C-map Max Pro,
* [http://ww1.jeppesen.com/main/corporate/marine/lightmarine/gb/ C-map by Jeppesen] C-map NT+ , C-map Max , C-map Max Pro,
* [http://www.euronav.co.uk/ Euronav],
* [http://www.euronav.co.uk/ Euronav],
* [http://www.garmin.com/us/maps/onthewater Garmin] Blue Charts,
* [http://www.garmin.com/us/maps/onthewater Garmin] Blue Charts,

Latest revision as of 12:31, 3 September 2018


ApplicationsApplications
Title Chartplotters
Edited by GMV
Level Intermediate
Year of Publication 2011
Logo GMV.png

The chartplotters are dedicated devices meant to be used in maritime navigation activities.

There are two types of maritime products using GNSS technology, the handheld devices and the chartplotters units. There is also the option of using a computer connected to a GNSS receiver, running a chartplotter software.

These products provide assistance in three major nautical activities: maritime en route navigation, collision avoidance (using AIS) and fishing activities.

Product Description

The GNSS chartplotters provide an improvement over the generic handheld devices, because these are marine dedicated devices able to display electronic nautical charts and are tailored for nautical use being able to interface with other devices in the vessel. Chartplotters can be mounted in the vessels connected to an external GNSS antenna that usually offers better accuracy and availability while others are have a built-in GNSS antenna.

The chartplotters screens are considerably larger than the handheld devices and they provide usability improvements, such as large buttons and screens conceived to be visible in harsh conditions and direct sunlight.

Some chartplotter equipments must be feed by an Electronic Position Fixing System (EPFS), in order to be able to perform an automatic and continuous vessel's position update, using either a terrestrial hyperbolic radio navigation system such as LORAN-C or GNSS. But many of the current chartplotter devices integrate a GNSS receiver into a single unit.

These devices often integrate and display data from other devices like the radar or depth sounder. The radar overlay feature confirms the precise positioning relative to the chart. It can reveal inconsistencies and it is very useful in small screens, where this feature permit to see more content in the same display. It will work as a backup system in case of failure of GNSS signal.[1]

The information shown in chartplotters, usually includes water depth, obstructions on the path, environment, and other small but important data.[2]

Handhelds

The handheld receivers for marine utilization are usually a cheaper and portable solution, providing the same functions as the chartplotters. These devices, lack in usability due to the small buttons and screens, however, some models are waterproof, rugged, with floating capability and screens conceived to be visible in harsh conditions and direct sunlight.

The battery dependency and the GNSS internal antenna can often discourage the use of these devices. Even though, some equipments can be connected to external power sources and to external antennas.

Computer Connected to a GNSS receiver

This solution is usually applied inside vessel's deck, where a computer unit can be used for planning and for navigation.

Usually a computer will be connected to an external GNSS receiver and will be loaded with chartplotter software.

The biggest advantages offered by this solution, are the memory and computational power capabilities, that will allow to run many software solutions, such as 3D bathymetric display, that would be impossible with many of the current existent chartplotter units.

There are also rugged laptops and desktop computers especially dedicated for the marine environment. With these solutions the upgrades are often executed only with software, implying lower maintenance costs.

Product Characterization

Chartplotter in vessel's deck

Typically the chartplotters perform three main functions:

  • Straight line navigation: This is the waypoint navigation, where the user inserts a destination point, that can be defined as a coordinates position. The devices provide the following information: bearing, speed, and heading. The bearing provides the direction to follow, the speed of the vessel provides the estimated time of arrival to the destination while the heading provides the current vessel's direction, which is also helpful in order to make navigation corrections.
  • Tracks: This is the waypoints recording function, analogous the functions existing in many handheld equipments. It is important, for instance, in narrow waterway navigation, in order to avoid obstruction such as rocks, or to execute reverse route navigation, to the starting point.
  • Routes: This is the waypoints navigation, where the user inserts a collection of waypoints, similar to the function provided in other navigation devices. The chartplotter will provide directions from one point to the other.

In addition to the navigation functions, a chartplotter device allow a helmsman to perform the following tasks:[1]

  • Identify vessel's position in relation to anchorage zones, marine reserves, different channels or shipping lanes.
  • Obtain awareness of where exactly the water hazards are located.
  • View certain underwater details including reefs, sand banks and other underwater rises and dropoffs.
  • Low visibility conditions, e.g., night and fog navigation.
  • Receive direction instructions.

Electronic Nautical Charts

An electronic chart is mandatory for the user to operate the device. An electronic nautical chart is basically a digital representation of a paper nautical chart. However these electronic charts will not be a complete replacement of paper charts, since even if the chartplotter is the primary navigation tool the vessel should have paper charts as backup.

There are two basic formats of charts that can be used in chartplotters:

  1. Raster charts: These are the geo-referenced version of a paper chart. This format provides detailed information, but it requires large amount of memory and processing power from the computer or GNSS units, because its basically a scan of the chart in paper format. The zoom function will increase or decrease the size of the elements in chart reducing the usability in some situations.
  2. Vector charts: These are composed by mathematical representations of points, lines and polygons, that are used to draw features onto the chart. The biggest advantage is the capability to view the information as layers that can be added or removed from the chart. Each element on the chart is an object with detailed information, that can be accessed. The usability is not affected by zooming since the features are redrawn depending on the zoom level.

The electronic nautical charts are usually found in proprietary formats, for instance, Navionics, Lowrance or Garmin.[1]

Fish finders

A fish finder is a marine electronic device that searches with sound waves and converts the returning signals into a picture on a display screen. Some multi-function chartplotters combine fish finders into the same chartplotter unit, providing a powerful GNSS tool with useful capabilities for fishers.[1]

Product Examples

The most expensive chartplotters have large and high resolution color screens, large memory, fast processors, multi-function capability or the ability to be linked to other equipments. Cheaper models have smaller screens, fewer features, slower processors and less memory. Despite this these units are quality products that provide adequate navigation capabilities.

There are a number of maritime electronics manufacturers such as:[3]

There are several companies providing software and electronic charts, to be operated in chartplotters or in computers:

Notes


References