If you wish to contribute or participate in the discussions about articles you are invited to contact the Editor
BeiDou Future and Evolutions
| BEIDOU | |
|---|---|
| Title | BeiDou Future and Evolutions |
| Edited by | GMV |
| Level | Basic |
| Year of Publication | 2011 |
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), also known as BeiDou-2[1], is China’s second-generation satellite navigation system[1][2] that will be capable of providing positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis[3].
BeiDou Roadmap
The BeiDou system is planned to be developed and deployed in three phases[4]:
- Phase 1 (2003+)
- Phase 1 consists of an experimental regional navigation system, BeiDou-1, which provided active navigation service.
- Phase 2 (2012+)
- BeiDou-2 consists of a reduced satellite constellation and provides open service over China. This phase aims at deploying a system with passive positioning and timing capability over a regional area.
- Phase 3 (2020+)
- By 2020, BeiDou would reach full operational capability with a Walker constellation of 27 MEOs plus 5 GEOs and the existing 3 IGSOs satellites of the regional system[1]. BeiDou would provide global navigation services, similarly to the GPS, GLONASS or Galileo systems.[1]
BeiDou Status
By December 2011, the BeiDou system went into operation on a trial basis providing initial passive positioning navigation and timing services for the whole Asia-Pacific region with a constellation of 10 satellites (5 GEO satellites and 5 IGSO satellites)[5][6] and the Initial Operational Service was declared officially available.
During 2012, four launches were made in February, April, September and October, placing in orbit two adittional GEO and four MEO satellites in-line with the objective of expanding the service area to Asian-Pacific users and improving service performance (positioning accuracy better than 10 meters)[7]. The constellation is currently composed by 6 GEO + 5 IGSO + 4 MEO which corresponds to 15 operational satellites of the 35 planned. Furthermore, the first version of the SIS ICD for the BeiDou B1I open service signal was released on the 27th December 2012 at a news conference held in Beijing by the Chinese State Council Information Office[8], where it was also announced that the english name of the system was now to be replaced with BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, instead of its translation, BeiDou.
On March 30, 2015, the China Satellite Navigation Office (CSNO) announced the successful launch of the first New-Generation BeiDou Satellite. This is the 17th satellite for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) that marks the beginning of expanding the regional BDS to global coverage, scheduled to be fully deployed by 2020[9].
On July 25, 2015, China launched two new satellites (18th and 19th) for the nation’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System. The spacecraft will be used to test the new BeiDou Phase III navigation signal and inter-satellite links. China will migrate its B1 open civil signal from 1561.098 MHz to a frequency centered at 1572.42. The signal modulation will also change from a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSKZ) modulation to a multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC).[10].
The two new satellites have begun operating and established inter-satellite links in the Beidou constellation on August 14, 2015.[11]. Signals from those two last satellites were acquired at Ispra, Italy, in early August.[12]
On September 30, 2015, China has launched the 20th BeiDou satellite, with a series of tests related to the clock and a new Phase III navigation signal currently being undertaken, according to a statement from the China Satellite Navigation Office.[13] In October, this last satellite started broadcasting a signal similar to the future GPS L1C signal with time-division BOC(1,1) and BOC(6,1) signals.[14]
On February 1, 2016, China has launched the first Beidou satellite of the year, also part of the Beidou Phase III,[15] with the 2nd of the year (the 22nd Beidou satellite) following closely with its launch on March 29, 2016.[16]
The 23rd Beidou satellite was launched on June 12, 2016.[17]
BeiDou General Services
The future BeiDou is expected to support two different kind of general services: RDSS and RNSS.
In the Radio Determination Satellite Service (RDSS) , the user position is computed by a ground station using the round trip time of signals exchanged via GEO satellite. The RDSS Long term feature further includes[18]:
- Short message communication (guaranteeing backward compatibility with BeiDou-1)
- Large volume message communication
- Information connection
- Extended coverage
The Radio Navigation Satellite Service (RNSS) is very similar to that provided by GPS and Galileo and is designed to achieve similar performances.
International Context
The Chinese Government considers satellite navigation as strategic in the new generation information technology, and encourages international cooperation to ensure compatibility and interoperability with other navigation systems[7].
References
- ^ a b c d Compass/BeiDou Status, Jun Shen, BNStar Navigation Technology & System, Inc., Rome (Italy), June 11, 2009
- ^ BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in Wikipedia
- ^ BeiDou China’s Rapidly Emerging GNSS, InsideGNSS, May/June 2014
- ^ BeiDou web site
- ^ Satellite navigation system launched, China Daily Europe, December 2011.
- ^ Beidou Navigation Satellite System in Wikipedia
- ^ a b China Satellite Navigation Office, Development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, Munich Satellite Navigation Summit, 2011
- ^ http://www.gpsworld.com/beidou-icd-released GPS World January 2013
- ^ China Launches New-Generation BeiDou Satellite, Inside GNSS, March 31, 2015
- ^ China Launches Pair of New-Generation BeiDou GNSS Satellites, Inside GNSS, July 26 2015
- ^ China's New BeiDou GNSS Satellites Come on Line, Talk to Each Other, Inside GNSS, August 16 2015
- ^ First Signals of BeiDou Phase 3 Acquired at Ispra, Italy, GPS World, August 21, 2015
- ^ China Launches 20th BeiDou Satellite
- ^ New BeiDou TMBOC Signal Tracked; Similar to Future GPS L1C Structure
- ^ China Launches New MEO BeiDou Satellite; 18 More to Come by End of 2018
- ^ China launches 22nd BeiDou satellite
- ^ CChina Places 23rd BeiDou Satellite into Orbit
- ^ "Preliminary Results of GPS/BeiDou Integrated Positioning and Navigation", presented in the BeiDou Workshop held during the ION GNSS 2011 Conference.