If you wish to contribute or participate in the discussions about articles you are invited to contact the Editor
NAVIC
| IRNSS | |
|---|---|
| Title | NAVIC |
| Edited by | GMV |
| Level | Basic |
| Year of Publication | 2011 |
The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) is a regional satellite navigation system owned by the Indian government. The system is being developed by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) .
IRNSS Introduction
IRNSS will be an independent and autonomous regional navigation system aiming a service area of about 1500 kilometers around India. The system will be under complete Indian control, with the space segment, ground segment and user receivers all being built in India.[1] It will have a range of applications including personal navigation.
IRNSS Architecture
IRNSS is planned to have 7 satellites complemented with the appropriate ground infrastructure[2] as a minimum[3]. As it is traditional in GNSS systems, the architecture is described next in three different segments: the space segment, the ground segment and the user segment.
- The IRNSS Space Segment: 3 of the 7 satellites are geostationary orbit (GEOs) and they will be located at 32.5º East, 83º East and 131.5º East longitude[3]. There will be 4 geostationary satellites (GSO) in orbits of 24,000 km apogee and 250 km perigee inclined at 29 degrees. Two of the GSOs will cross the equator at 55º East and the other two at 111.75º East (two satellites in each plane)[3]. The life span of the GEOs is 9.5 years and 11 years in the case of the GSOs.[2] The Constellation Design Considerations have been mainly:[4]
- Minimizing the Maximum DOP
- Minimum number of satellites
- Orbital slots for India for a continuous visibility with the control stations
- The IRNSS Ground Segment will consist of:[4]
- IRNSS Space Craft Control Centre (SCC)
- IRNSS Navigation Centre (INC)
- IRNSS TTC & Uplinking Stations (IRTTC)
- IRNSS Range and Integrity Monitoring Stations (IRIMS)
- IRNSS Timing Centre (IRNWT)
- IRNSS CDMA Ranging Stations (IRCDR)
- Laser Ranging Station (ILRS)
- Data Communication Network (IRDCN)
The SCC and the INC will be the core of the ground segment, and they are in charge of estimating and predicting IRNSS satellites position, calculation of integrity, ionospheric and clock corrections and running the navigation software.
- The IRNSS User segment: the IRNSS user segment is made of the IRNSS receivers. They will be dual-frequency receivers (L5 and S band frequencies) or single frequency (L5 or S band frequency) with capability to receive ionospheric correction. They will be able to receive and process navigation data from other GNSS constellations and the seven IRNSS satellites will be continuously tracked by the user receiver. The user receiver will have a minimum gain G/T of -27 dB/K.[4]
IRNSS Services and Performances
There will be two kinds of services:[2]
- Special Positioning Service (SPS)
- Precision Service (PS)
Both services will be carried on L5 (1176.45 MHz) and S band (2492.08 MHz). The navigation signals would be transmitted in the S-band frequency (2–4 GHz) and broadcast through a phased array antenna to keep required coverage and signal strength.
The data structure for SPS and PS is under study; it is being planned to take advantage of the fact that the number of satellites is reduced -7 instead of the 30 used in other constellations- to broadcast ionospheric corrections for a grid of 80 points to provide service to single frequency users. The clock, ephemeris, almanac data of the 7 IRNSS satellites will be transmitted with the same accuracy as in legacy GPS, GLONASS & Galileo.[5]
The Performances expected for the IRNSS system are: Position accuracy around 20 m over the Indian Ocean Region (1500 km around India) and less than 10 m accuracy over India and GSO adjacent countries.
IRNSS Development
The Indian government approved the project in May 2006, with the intention of the system to be completed and implemented by 2015.
The first satellite of the proposed constellation was successfully launched on the 1st of July 2013[6]. It is IRNSS-1A one of the three Geosynchronous satellites that will is compose the entire constellation[7]. Despite the first launch was executed slightly later than the planned, at that time India has announced the deadline of 2015-2016 to launch the remaining six satellites[8]. As in the first launch the forthcoming will place in orbit only one satellite at a time. For that it is scheduled regular launches in every six months[9].
As of 18 July 2013 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that the satellite successfully reached its defined inclined geosynchronous orbit and that the verification tests would start one week after. Before that, in 23 July the German Aerospace Center was able to receive a signal transmitted in the L5 band from the IRSNSS-1A satellite. From the analysis of the received signal researchers from German Aerospace Center concluded that the signal structure is consistent with what was announced as IRNSS Signal Plan by ISRO[10].
On October 16, 2014, India’s Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched its third navigation satellite IRNSS-1C abord a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
The fourth IRNSS-1D satellite was successfully placed in orbit onboard the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C27), on March 28, 2015. The ISRO's Master Control Facility took over the control of the satellite and after that conducted several maneuvers in order to position the satellite in the geosynchronous orbit at 111.75 degrees East longitude with 30.5 deg inclination[11]. The satellite reached its intended orbit slot on April 9th, 2015.[12]
The fifth satellite of the IRNSS constellation was launched on January 20, 2016. [13] That launch was closely followed by the 6th launch of a IRNSS satellite on March 10, 2016[14]. The seventh and final satellite was launched on April 28, 2016 [15].
References
- ^ IRNSS in Wikipedia
- ^ a b c IRNSS and GAGAN status Presentation COSPAR Meeting, Montreal, July 2008
- ^ a b c IRNSS SIS ICD For SPS, Version 1.0, ISRO (Indian Space Research) Satellite Centre, Bangalore, June 2014
- ^ a b c IRNSS and GAGAN Status Presentation Second Meeting of the ICG Providers Forum, Vienna, Austria, February 2008
- ^ GAGAN and IRNSS Status Presentation ICG-3 Meeting, Pasadena, United States of America, December 2008
- ^ India Launches First Navigation Satellite, GPS World
- ^ IRNSS Navigation Satellites
- ^ IRNSS Press Release, July 2, 2013
- ^ India launches its first dedicated navigation satellite, The Express Tribune
- ^ Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Starts Signal Transmissions, GPS World, 25 July 2013
- ^ Indian Launches Fourth IRNSS Spacecraft, Inside GNSS, March 28, 2015
- ^ The System: All Systems Go, with a Spring into Space
- ^ India’s fifth navigation satellite launched
- ^ India Successfully Launches IRNSS 1F into Orbit
- ^ India Completes IRNSS Constellation