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Wide Area RTK (WARTK): Difference between revisions
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In [[Real Time Kinematics (RTK)]], the assumption that the differential ionospheric delay between a GNSS transmitter and each of the roving or reference receivers is negligible works well for baselines up to 10-20 kilometers. A refinement of this assumption comes with the network RTK (NRTK) using a set of permanent receivers to mitigate atmospheric dependent effects over distance, increasing the allowed distance between baselines and rovers up to 50-70 kms. The '''Wide Area RTK''' concept was introduced in thelate 1990s to address these deficiencies by the [http://www.gage.es/ Research Group of Astronomy and Geomatics (gAGE)] from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC). | In [[Real Time Kinematics (RTK)]], the assumption that the differential ionospheric delay between a GNSS transmitter and each of the roving or reference receivers is negligible works well for baselines up to 10-20 kilometers. A refinement of this assumption comes with the network RTK (NRTK) using a set of permanent receivers to mitigate atmospheric dependent effects over distance, increasing the allowed distance between baselines and rovers up to 50-70 kms. The '''Wide Area RTK''' concept was introduced in thelate 1990s to address these deficiencies by the [http://www.gage.es/ Research Group of Astronomy and Geomatics (gAGE)] from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC). | ||
== | ==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)== | ||
During the last few years, the group gAGE/UPC has developed the so-called Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (GPS) and 3-frequency systems (Galileo and modernised GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometres is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction impedes the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimetre level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view. | During the last few years, the group gAGE/UPC has developed the so-called Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (GPS) and 3-frequency systems (Galileo and modernised GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometres is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction impedes the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimetre level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view. | ||
Revision as of 12:58, 9 June 2011
| Fundamentals | |
|---|---|
| Title | Wide Area RTK (WARTK) |
| Author(s) | GMV |
| Level | Basic |
| Year of Publication | 2011 |
In Real Time Kinematics (RTK), the assumption that the differential ionospheric delay between a GNSS transmitter and each of the roving or reference receivers is negligible works well for baselines up to 10-20 kilometers. A refinement of this assumption comes with the network RTK (NRTK) using a set of permanent receivers to mitigate atmospheric dependent effects over distance, increasing the allowed distance between baselines and rovers up to 50-70 kms. The Wide Area RTK concept was introduced in thelate 1990s to address these deficiencies by the Research Group of Astronomy and Geomatics (gAGE) from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC).
Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)
During the last few years, the group gAGE/UPC has developed the so-called Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (GPS) and 3-frequency systems (Galileo and modernised GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometres is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction impedes the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimetre level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view.
The WARTK concept was introduced in the late 1990s to address these deficiencies. The method dramatically increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.
Used by high-precision navigation/surveying applications, based on the use of carrier phase measurements.
WARTK Related Articles
The following articles include further information about different important topics related to a Differential GNSS:
- DGNSS Fundamentals introduces the classical DGNSS technique, its functionalities and the objectives of a DGNSS system.
- The DGNSS Standards article summarizes the international bodies in charge of the standardization of DGNSS systems, the principle applicable documents and its current status.
- DGNSS Systems sections provides a brief overview of the current existing DGNSS systems.
Notes