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Location based Information Streams: Difference between revisions
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Location based Information Streams consists on pushing information to the user depending on its location and on the assumption that this information will be useful and welcomed by the user. | Location based Information Streams consists on pushing information to the user depending on its location and on the assumption that this information will be useful and welcomed by the user. | ||
The information provided by these services can vary from information of nearest services or stores, to alerts on traffic jams and location based advertising. The information can be provided on demand, or without explicit request from the user. | The information provided by these services can vary from information of nearest services or stores, to alerts on traffic jams and location based advertising. The information can be provided on demand, or without explicit request from the user. | ||
== Application Architecture == | == Application Architecture == | ||
Location based Information Services depend normally on an architecture that includes a user [[Wikipedia:Mobile device|mobile device]] and an information server accessible through the internet. | Location based Information Services depend normally on an architecture that includes a user [[Wikipedia:Mobile device|mobile device]] and an information server accessible through the internet. | ||
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The process normally followed by these applications is: | The process normally followed by these applications is: | ||
* The user [[Wikipedia:Mobile device|mobile device]] can make requests and send the user position to the information server. | * The user [[Wikipedia:Mobile device|mobile device]] can make requests and send the user position to the information server. | ||
* The information server receives the user requests and position, determines whether there is relevant information to provide to the user and sends it. | * The information server receives the user requests and position, determines whether there is relevant information to provide to the user and sends it. | ||
* The [[Wikipedia:Mobile device|mobile device]] presents the information to the user. | * The [[Wikipedia:Mobile device|mobile device]] presents the information to the user. | ||
Variants to this architecture are: | Variants to this architecture are: | ||
* [[Wikipedia:SMS|SMS]] can be used for communication between user device and information server. | * [[Wikipedia:SMS|SMS]] can be used for communication between user device and information server. | ||
* Local databases can be used instead of an online server. | * Local databases can be used instead of an online server. | ||
* Information can be either provided on demand or "pushed" to the user upon some event, such as entering or leaving a certain area. | * Information can be either provided on demand or "pushed" to the user upon some event, such as entering or leaving a certain area. | ||
These applications are considered non-critical applications. | These applications are considered non-critical applications. | ||
The precision required by these applications is low, being the current accuracy provided by civilian GPS enough. | The precision required by these applications is low, being the current accuracy provided by civilian GPS enough. | ||
== Push vs. Pull Services == | == Push vs. Pull Services == | ||
There are 2 main variants of this kind of applications<ref name="lbs_found">[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=DC7731148ED00DA3D7BCEF659F699801?doi=10.1.1.94.1844&rep=rep1&type=pdf Foundations of Location Based Services], Lecture Notes on LBS, Stefan Steiniger, Moritz Neun and Alistair Edwardes, CartouCHe</ref>: | There are 2 main variants of this kind of applications<ref name="lbs_found">[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=DC7731148ED00DA3D7BCEF659F699801?doi=10.1.1.94.1844&rep=rep1&type=pdf Foundations of Location Based Services], Lecture Notes on LBS, Stefan Steiniger, Moritz Neun and Alistair Edwardes, CartouCHe</ref>: | ||
* '''Pull Services''': The user uses the mobile application to request information based on its location. Examples of these applications are applications where the user requests the nearest [[Wikipedia:Automated teller machine|ATM]]s and the information server responds with a list of the closest ones, eventually with navigation instructions to get there. | * '''Pull Services''': The user uses the mobile application to request information based on its location. Examples of these applications are applications where the user requests the nearest [[Wikipedia:Automated teller machine|ATM]]s and the information server responds with a list of the closest ones, eventually with navigation instructions to get there. | ||
* '''Push Services''': The position of the user is monitored by the information server and when the user position triggers determined conditions (such as entering a determined area) the information is sent automatically to the user. Normally the user activates the services and normally can configure the conditions in which information is pushed to his device. These services might require that an application is kept running in the background feeding the user position to the information server. Examples of such applications are advertising applications that send discount coupons to users in the proximity of a store. | * '''Push Services''': The position of the user is monitored by the information server and when the user position triggers determined conditions (such as entering a determined area) the information is sent automatically to the user. Normally the user activates the services and normally can configure the conditions in which information is pushed to his device. These services might require that an application is kept running in the background feeding the user position to the information server. Examples of such applications are advertising applications that send discount coupons to users in the proximity of a store. | ||
This kind of services can raise privacy concerns, especially Push Services since the user position might be shared with third-parties without consent. To protect the user from this, some countries have passed legislation to guarantee that the user's position is only used with consent and that no messages are sent unless the service is explicitly activated<ref name="lbs">[[Wikipedia:Location-based service|Location-based Services on Wikipedia]]</ref>. | This kind of services can raise privacy concerns, especially Push Services since the user position might be shared with third-parties without consent. To protect the user from this, some countries have passed legislation to guarantee that the user's position is only used with consent and that no messages are sent unless the service is explicitly activated<ref name="lbs">[[Wikipedia:Location-based service|Location-based Services on Wikipedia]]</ref>. | ||
== Application Examples == | == Application Examples == | ||
Application types that fit in this category are<ref name="lbs"/>: | Application types that fit in this category are<ref name="lbs"/>: | ||
* Requesting the nearest business or service, such as an [[Wikipedia:Automated teller machine|ATM]] or restaurant. | * Requesting the nearest business or service, such as an [[Wikipedia:Automated teller machine|ATM]] or restaurant. | ||
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* Location-based mobile advertising. | * Location-based mobile advertising. | ||
* Augmented reality. | * Augmented reality. | ||
=== Augmented reality === | === Augmented reality === | ||
[[File:Augmented GeoTravel.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Augmented reality using mobile phone]] | [[File:Augmented GeoTravel.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Augmented reality using mobile phone]] | ||
While most location based information streams are now reality and are available for use, Augmented reality is currently still under research or with few commercial or professional uses. | While most location based information streams are now reality and are available for use, Augmented reality is currently still under research or with few commercial or professional uses. | ||
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The combination of LBS and augmented reality technologies would allow to have information about the surrounding of the user superimposed in real-world images. Such images could be captured by cell-phone cameras or by the use of special glasses providing a blending of reality with the additional location based information that the user requires<ref name="lbs_found"/>. | The combination of LBS and augmented reality technologies would allow to have information about the surrounding of the user superimposed in real-world images. Such images could be captured by cell-phone cameras or by the use of special glasses providing a blending of reality with the additional location based information that the user requires<ref name="lbs_found"/>. | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
Revision as of 12:16, 7 April 2011
| Applications | |
|---|---|
| Title | Location based Information Streams |
| Author(s) | Rui Barradas Pereira. |
| Level | Basic |
| Year of Publication | 2011 |
Location based Information Streams consists on pushing information to the user depending on its location and on the assumption that this information will be useful and welcomed by the user.
The information provided by these services can vary from information of nearest services or stores, to alerts on traffic jams and location based advertising. The information can be provided on demand, or without explicit request from the user.
Application Architecture
Location based Information Services depend normally on an architecture that includes a user mobile device and an information server accessible through the internet.
The user mobile device is usually a mobile phone with internet access, localization capabilities and a rich user interface.
The process normally followed by these applications is:
- The user mobile device can make requests and send the user position to the information server.
- The information server receives the user requests and position, determines whether there is relevant information to provide to the user and sends it.
- The mobile device presents the information to the user.
Variants to this architecture are:
- SMS can be used for communication between user device and information server.
- Local databases can be used instead of an online server.
- Information can be either provided on demand or "pushed" to the user upon some event, such as entering or leaving a certain area.
These applications are considered non-critical applications.
The precision required by these applications is low, being the current accuracy provided by civilian GPS enough.
Push vs. Pull Services
There are 2 main variants of this kind of applications[1]:
- Pull Services: The user uses the mobile application to request information based on its location. Examples of these applications are applications where the user requests the nearest ATMs and the information server responds with a list of the closest ones, eventually with navigation instructions to get there.
- Push Services: The position of the user is monitored by the information server and when the user position triggers determined conditions (such as entering a determined area) the information is sent automatically to the user. Normally the user activates the services and normally can configure the conditions in which information is pushed to his device. These services might require that an application is kept running in the background feeding the user position to the information server. Examples of such applications are advertising applications that send discount coupons to users in the proximity of a store.
This kind of services can raise privacy concerns, especially Push Services since the user position might be shared with third-parties without consent. To protect the user from this, some countries have passed legislation to guarantee that the user's position is only used with consent and that no messages are sent unless the service is explicitly activated[2].
Application Examples
Application types that fit in this category are[2]:
- Requesting the nearest business or service, such as an ATM or restaurant.
- Receiving alerts, such as notification of a sale on gas or warning of a traffic jam.
- Location-based mobile advertising.
- Augmented reality.
Augmented reality
While most location based information streams are now reality and are available for use, Augmented reality is currently still under research or with few commercial or professional uses.
Augmented reality consists in enhancing real-world environments with information that would be superimposed on real-world images. This technology is already used in the Head-up displays of fighter planes and some luxury cars[3].
The combination of LBS and augmented reality technologies would allow to have information about the surrounding of the user superimposed in real-world images. Such images could be captured by cell-phone cameras or by the use of special glasses providing a blending of reality with the additional location based information that the user requires[1].
Notes
References
- ^ a b Foundations of Location Based Services, Lecture Notes on LBS, Stefan Steiniger, Moritz Neun and Alistair Edwardes, CartouCHe
- ^ a b Location-based Services on Wikipedia
- ^ Head-up display on Wikipedia