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The [[BeiDou_General_Introduction|BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)]], also known as BeiDou-2<ref name=BDS_STATUS>[http://www.filasinternational.eu/sidereus-project/pdf/02.pdf Compass/BeiDou Status], Jun Shen, BNStar Navigation Technology & System, Inc., Rome (Italy), June 11, 2009</ref>, is China’s second-generation satellite navigation system<ref name=BDS_STATUS/><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beidou_Navigation_Satellite_System BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in Wikipedia]</ref> that will be capable of providing positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis<ref name=BDS_WORLDWIDE>[http://www.insidegnss.com/node/3590 BeiDou China’s Rapidly Emerging GNSS, InsideGNSS, May/June 2014]</ref>. The first and second generation of BeiDou receivers are already available, including the combination of GPS and BeiDou systems - currently limited to the available [[BeiDou Services|regional services]] - with already over a thousand [[BeiDou User Segment|users]].
The [[BeiDou_General_Introduction|BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)]], also known as BeiDou-2<ref name=BDS_STATUS>[http://www.filasinternational.eu/sidereus-project/pdf/02.pdf Compass/BeiDou Status], Jun Shen, BNStar Navigation Technology & System, Inc., Rome (Italy), June 11, 2009</ref>, is China’s second-generation satellite navigation system<ref name=BDS_STATUS/><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beidou_Navigation_Satellite_System BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in Wikipedia]</ref> that will be capable of providing positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis<ref name=BDS_WORLDWIDE>[http://www.insidegnss.com/node/3590 BeiDou China’s Rapidly Emerging GNSS, InsideGNSS, May/June 2014]</ref>.




==BeiDou Receiver==
As for the other GNSSs, the main layers of BeiDou architecture are:
 
*[[BeiDou Space Segment|BeiDou Space Segment]]: By 2020, the space segment will consist of a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites and 30 non-GSO satellites; 27 in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and 3 in Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO). The constellation has been designed in order to provide a worldwide coverage<ref  name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011>China Satellite Navigation Office, Development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, Munich Satellite Navigation Summit, 2011</ref>.
The BeiDou User Segment consists of Beidou user terminals<ref  name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011>China Satellite Navigation Office, Development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, Munich Satellite Navigation Summit, 2011</ref>. The first generation of BeiDou-1 terminals emerged in 2003 with full RDSS function and communication terminal based on General Purpose ICs. The second generation appeared in 2009  based in ASIC and comprising already GPS integration<ref>"Status of COMPASS Development", M. Lu, Stanford PNT Symposium 2010</ref>.
*[[BeiDou Ground Segment|BeiDou Ground Segment]]:  The components of the ground segment include a Master Control Station, Upload Stations and several Monitor Stations.<ref name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011/>
 
*[[BeiDou User Segment|BeiDou User Segment]]: The User Segment is composed of the BeiDou user terminals, which receive BeiDou navigation signals, determine pseudoranges (and other observables) and solve the navigation equations in order to obtain their coordinates. There is also an international cooperation in terms of Compatibility and Interoperability between BeiDou and other GNSSs, that will lead to terminals compatible with other GNSSs.<ref name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011/>
 
==Particularities==
Each GNSS system uses a specific [[Reference Frames in GNSS|Reference Frame]]; although a multi-constellation receiver is able to convert all information to the same common frame, a BeiDou-only receiver uses the China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 (CGCS2000), consistent with the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS).
 
In an analogous way, each system has its own [[Time References in GNSS|time reference]] defined by the respective control segments; the time reference for BeiDou is called “BeiDou Time” ([[Time References in GNSS#BeiDou Time (BDT)|BDT]]) and it is aligned with UTC.
 
Each GNSS System transmits its own navigation message, defined in the respective Signal In Space Interface Control Documents, SIS ICD. As an example, the satellites transmit information that allows the receiver to compute their positions. The [http://www.beidou.gov.cn/attach/2011/12/27/201112273f3be6124f7d4c7bac428a36cc1d1363.pdf BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document (Test Version)] was released in December 2011<ref>[http://www.beidou.gov.cn/attach/2011/12/27/201112273f3be6124f7d4c7bac428a36cc1d1363.pdf BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document (Test Version)], China Satellite Navigation Office, December 2011</ref>. The [http://gge.unb.ca/test/beidou_icd_english.pdf first version of the SIS ICD] for BeiDou B1I open service signal on 1561.098 MHz was released December 27 at a news conference held in Beijing by the Chinese State Council Information Office<ref>http://www.gpsworld.com/beidou-icd-released GPS World, January 2013</ref>.
 
GNSS signals modulation, structure, navigation message contents and formats are often different among signals from the same system and from different systems. Most of these characteristics are easily implemented at the receiver (e.g. requiring only “software modifications”, such as the use of different PRN codes or the ability to cope with different message structures). The main difference among GNSS receivers falls into the specific characteristics that have impact at RF level, such as the [[CDMA FDMA Techniques|Multiple Access Techniques]] employed. BeiDou (as GPS and Galileo) uses CDMA techniques allowing a simpler RF module (than for example GLONASS), since all signals in the same frequency band have a common carrier. Nevertheless, BeiDou supports a [[BeiDou Services|regional short message service]], which allows the user to send information to the stations. This additional communication link adds complexity to the receiver, and therefore potentially higher costs.
 
It should be noted that the current trend consists on facilitating the access of each system to the receivers, i.e. fomenting multi-constellation receivers. Hence, most discussions and agreements among the systems’ responsibles are conducted in the sense of taking this effort out of the user segment, focusing on [[Principles of Compatibility among GNSS|compatibility]] and [[Principles of Interoperability among GNSS|interoperability]] aspects in the system design.


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==References==
==References==
<references/>
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[[Category:BEIDOU]]
[[Category:BEIDOU]]

Revision as of 14:17, 26 May 2014


BEIDOUBEIDOU
Title BeiDou Receivers
Edited by GMV
Level Basic
Year of Publication 2011

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), also known as BeiDou-2[1], is China’s second-generation satellite navigation system[1][2] that will be capable of providing positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis[3].


As for the other GNSSs, the main layers of BeiDou architecture are:

  • BeiDou Space Segment: By 2020, the space segment will consist of a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites and 30 non-GSO satellites; 27 in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and 3 in Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO). The constellation has been designed in order to provide a worldwide coverage[4].
  • BeiDou Ground Segment: The components of the ground segment include a Master Control Station, Upload Stations and several Monitor Stations.[4]
  • BeiDou User Segment: The User Segment is composed of the BeiDou user terminals, which receive BeiDou navigation signals, determine pseudoranges (and other observables) and solve the navigation equations in order to obtain their coordinates. There is also an international cooperation in terms of Compatibility and Interoperability between BeiDou and other GNSSs, that will lead to terminals compatible with other GNSSs.[4]

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b Compass/BeiDou Status, Jun Shen, BNStar Navigation Technology & System, Inc., Rome (Italy), June 11, 2009
  2. ^ BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in Wikipedia
  3. ^ BeiDou China’s Rapidly Emerging GNSS, InsideGNSS, May/June 2014
  4. ^ a b c China Satellite Navigation Office, Development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, Munich Satellite Navigation Summit, 2011
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