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Ocean loading: Difference between revisions
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This is a secondary tidal effect, due to the elastic response of the earth's crust to ocean tides, producing deformation of the sea floor and a surface displacement of an adjacent land. | This is a secondary tidal effect, due to the elastic response of the earth's crust to ocean tides, producing deformation of the sea floor and a surface displacement of an adjacent land. | ||
The ocean loading is more localised than the solid earth tides and for convention it does not have permanent part. For kinematic PPP (see [[Code and Carrier Based Positioning (PPP)]]) at the few centimetres accuracy level or few millimetres static PPP over <math>24</math> hours and/or far from the oceans, it can be neglected [Kouba and H_eroux., 2000] <ref>[Kouba and | The ocean loading is more localised than the solid earth tides and for convention it does not have permanent part. For kinematic PPP (see [[Code and Carrier Based Positioning (PPP)]]) at the few centimetres accuracy level or few millimetres static PPP over <math>24</math> hours and/or far from the oceans, it can be neglected [Kouba and H_eroux., 2000] <ref>[Kouba and H\'eroux., 2000] Kouba, J. and H_eroux., 2000. GPS Precise Point Positioning using IGS Orbit Products. Geodetic Survey Division, Natural Resources Canada.</ref>. | ||
A model for the ocean loading is described in the IERS Conventions document [Denis et al., 2004] <ref>[Denis et al., 2004] Denis, D., McCarthy and Petit, G., 2004. IERS Conventions (2003). IERS Technical Note 32.. IERS Convention Center., Frankfurt am Main.</ref>, page 73, whose simplified version can be summarised as <ref group="footnotes"> Additional information describing the model of GIPSY-OASIS II can be found in [Webb and Zumberge, 1993]</ref><ref>[Webb and Zumberge, 1993] Webb, F. and Zumberge, J., 1993. An Introduction to GIPSY/OASIS-II. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109</ref>: | A model for the ocean loading is described in the IERS Conventions document [Denis et al., 2004] <ref>[Denis et al., 2004] Denis, D., McCarthy and Petit, G., 2004. IERS Conventions (2003). IERS Technical Note 32.. IERS Convention Center., Frankfurt am Main.</ref>, page 73, whose simplified version can be summarised as <ref group="footnotes"> Additional information describing the model of GIPSY-OASIS II can be found in [Webb and Zumberge, 1993]</ref><ref>[Webb and Zumberge, 1993] Webb, F. and Zumberge, J., 1993. An Introduction to GIPSY/OASIS-II. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109</ref>: | ||
Revision as of 12:27, 6 February 2012
| Fundamentals | |
|---|---|
| Title | Ocean loading |
| Author(s) | J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernandez-Pajares, University of Catalunia, Spain. |
| Level | Intermediate |
| Year of Publication | 2011 |
This is a secondary tidal effect, due to the elastic response of the earth's crust to ocean tides, producing deformation of the sea floor and a surface displacement of an adjacent land.
The ocean loading is more localised than the solid earth tides and for convention it does not have permanent part. For kinematic PPP (see Code and Carrier Based Positioning (PPP)) at the few centimetres accuracy level or few millimetres static PPP over [math]\displaystyle{ 24 }[/math] hours and/or far from the oceans, it can be neglected [Kouba and H_eroux., 2000] [1].
A model for the ocean loading is described in the IERS Conventions document [Denis et al., 2004] [2], page 73, whose simplified version can be summarised as [footnotes 1][3]:
- [math]\displaystyle{ \Delta {\mathbf r}= \sum_{j} f_jA_{cj}\cos \left (\omega_jt+\chi_j+u_j-\Phi_{cj} \right ) \qquad\mbox{(1)} }[/math]
where:
- [math]\displaystyle{ \Delta {\mathbf r} }[/math] is the site displacement vector in (radial, west south) coordinates.
- [math]\displaystyle{ j }[/math] represents 11 tidal waves: [math]\displaystyle{ M_2 }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ S_2 }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ N_2 }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ K_2 }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ K_1 }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ O_1 }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ P_1 }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ Q_1 }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ M_f }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ M_m }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ S_{sa} }[/math].
- [math]\displaystyle{ f_j }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ u_j }[/math] depend on the longitude of lunar node.
- [math]\displaystyle{ \omega_j }[/math] is the tidal angular velocity at time [math]\displaystyle{ t= 0^h }[/math].
- [math]\displaystyle{ \chi_j }[/math] is an astronomical argument at time [math]\displaystyle{ t= 0^h }[/math].
- [math]\displaystyle{ A_{cj} }[/math] is a station specific amplitude.
- [math]\displaystyle{ \varphi_{cj} }[/math] is a station specific phase.
The FORTRAN code hardisp.f implementing the full IERS conventions Solid-Tides model is available at ftp://tai.bipm.org/iers/convupdt/chapter7/hardisp.f
This routine computes time series of tidal displacements from a input file containing the ocean loading coefficients for a given station. These coefficients can be obtained from the ocean loading service under request trough the web site http://www.oso.chalmers.se/loadings
Notes
- ^ Additional information describing the model of GIPSY-OASIS II can be found in [Webb and Zumberge, 1993]
References
- ^ [Kouba and H\'eroux., 2000] Kouba, J. and H_eroux., 2000. GPS Precise Point Positioning using IGS Orbit Products. Geodetic Survey Division, Natural Resources Canada.
- ^ [Denis et al., 2004] Denis, D., McCarthy and Petit, G., 2004. IERS Conventions (2003). IERS Technical Note 32.. IERS Convention Center., Frankfurt am Main.
- ^ [Webb and Zumberge, 1993] Webb, F. and Zumberge, J., 1993. An Introduction to GIPSY/OASIS-II. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109