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{{Article Infobox2
{{Article Infobox2
|Category=GLONASS
|Category=GLONASS
|Title={{PAGENAME}}
|Editors=GMV
|Authors=GMV
|Level=Basic
|Level=Basic
|YearOfPublication=2011
|YearOfPublication=2011
|Logo=GMV
|Logo=GMV
|Title={{PAGENAME}}
}}
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The [[GLONASS General Introduction|GLONASS]] Ground Segment (also referred to as Control Segment or Operational Control System) is the responsible for the proper operation of the GLONASS system. Like in GPS, the GLONASS Control Segment monitors the status of satellites, determines the ephemerides and satellite clock offsets and, twice a day, uploads the navigation data to the satellites.<ref name="GNSS-Book ">J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernández-Pajares, ''Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Volume I: Fundamentals and Algorithms''</ref>
==Introduction==
[[File:GLONASS_GroundSegment.JPG‎|GLONASS Ground Segment|350px|right|thumb]]
[[File:SLR_Shelkovo.jpg|SLR Station in Shelkovo (near Moscow)|thumb|right|350px]]
The GLONASS ground segment consists of:<ref>[http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/publications/icg_ebook.pdf  Current and planned global and regional navigation satellite systems and satellite-based augmentation systems]</ref>
* A '''System Control Centre''' located at Krasnoznamensk.
*A network of five '''Telemetry, Tracking and Command''' centers (TT&C):
**Schelkovo
**Komsomoisk
**St-Peteburg
**Ussuriysk
**Yenisseisk
*The '''Central Clock''' situated in Schelkovo (near Moscow).


The [[:Category:GLONASS|GLONASS]]Ground Segment (also referred to as Control Segment or Operational Control System) is the responsible for the proper operation of the GPS system.
* Three Upload Stations:  
The [[:Category:GLONASS|GLONASS]]Control Segment is composed by a network of Monitor Stations (MS), a Master Control Station (MCS), a backup of the MCS and the Ground Antennas (GA).
**Yenisseisk
The Master Control Station (MCS) processes the measurements received by the Monitor Stations (MS) to estimate satellite orbits (ephemerides) and clock errors, among other parameters, and to generate the navigation message. These corrections and the navigation message are uploaded to the satellites through the Ground Antennas, which are co-located in four of the Monitor stations (Ascension Island, Cape Canaveral, Diego Garcia, and Kwajalein).
**Komsomoisk
**Schelkovo


==Introduction==
* Two '''Laser Ranging Stations''' (SLR):
The ground segment consists of the System Control Center and the Central Synchronizer situated in Moscow. Seven additional ground stations are maintained in the territory of the former Soviet Union, serving for orbit determination and satellite monitoring. These stations are equipped with radar, laser distance meters and/or telemetry. They are situated near the following towns:
**Schelkovo
* St. Petersburg TT&C
**Komsomoisk
* Ternopol TT&C, laser ranging, monitoring
 
* Jenisejsk TT&C
* A network of four '''Monitoring and Measuring Stations''':
* Komsomol’sk-na-Amure TT&C, laser ranging, monitoring
**Schelkovo
* Balchas Laser ranging
**Krasnoznamensk
* Jevpatoria Laser ranging
**Yenisseisk
* Kitab Laser ranging
**Komsomolsk
*  Six '''additional Monitoring and Measuring Stations''' are to start operating on the territory of the Russian Federation  and the Commonwealth of Independent States in the near future:
**Yakutsk
**Ulan-Ude
**Nurek
**Vorkuta
**Murmansk
**Zelenchuk


==System Control Centre (SCC)==
==System Control Centre (SCC)==
The System Control Center (SCC) is responsible for satellite constellation control and management of [[:Category:GLONASS|GLONASS]]satellites. It provides the telemetry, telecommand and control function for the whole [[:Category:GLONASS|GLONASS]]satellite constellation.
The System Control Center (SCC) is responsible for satellite constellation control and management of [[GLONASS General Introduction|GLONASS]] satellites. It provides the telemetry, telecommand and control function for the whole [[GLONASS General Introduction|GLONASS]] satellite constellation.
The SCC coordinates all functions and operations at the system level. It processes the information from the Command and Tracking stations to determine satellite clock and orbit states, and updates the navigation message for each satellite.
The SCC coordinates all functions and operations at the system level. It processes the information from the Command and Tracking stations to determine satellite clock and orbit states, and updates the navigation message for each satellite.


==Command and Tracking Stations==
==Command and Tracking Stations==
The CTSs track the [[:Category:GLONASS|GLONASS]]satellites in view and accumulate ranging data and telemetry from the satellites signals. The information from CTSs is processed at the SCC to determine satellite clock and orbit states and to update the navigation message of each satellite. This updated information is transmitted to the satellites via the CTSs, which also used for transmitting of control information.
The Command and Tracking Stations are composed by a main network of five Telemetry, Tracking and Control (TT&C) stations distributed throughout the Russian territory. The CTSs track the [[GLONASS General Introduction|GLONASS]] satellites in view and accumulate ranging data and telemetry from the satellites signals. The information from CTSs is processed at the SCC to determine satellite clock and orbit states and to update the navigation message of each satellite. This updated information is transmitted to the satellites via the Upload Stations, which are also used for the transmission of control information.
 
The Command and Tracking Stations are composed by a main network of four
Telemetry, Tracking and Control (TT&C) stations distributed throughout the Russian territory (in St. Petersburg, Ternopol, Eniseisk and Komsomolsk-na- Amure).
 
The CTSs ranging data is periodically calibrated using a laser ranging devices at the Quantum Optical Tracking Stations which are within GCS. Each [[:Category:GLONASS|GLONASS]]satellite specially carries laser reflectors for this purpose.
This network is complemented by other additional measurement stations (LS) in former Soviet Union territory (Balkhash in Kazakhstan, Evpatoria in Ukraine, Kitab in Uzbekistan), equipped with laser ranging and other monitoring facilities.


==Central Synchroniser==
==Laser Ranging Stations==
The synchronization of all the processes in the [[:Category:GLONASS|GLONASS]]system is very important for its proper operability. There is the Central Synchronizer within GCS to meet this requirement. The Central Synchronizer is high-precise hydrogen atomic clock which forms the [[:Category:GLONASS|GLONASS]]system time scale. The onboard time scales (on a basis of satellite cesium atomic clocks) of all the GLONASS satellites are synchronized with the State Etalon UTC (CIS) in Mendeleevo, Moscow region, through the [[:Category:GLONASS|GLONASS]]System Time scale.
The high precision of laser ranging allows use of SLR as a single source of calibration data for GLONASS ephemeris determination, providing solution of following problems:<ref>[http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/lw15/docs/papers/Russian%20Laser%20Tracking%20Network.pdf Russian Laser Tracking Network]</ref>
*Estimation of accuracy, and calibration of radio-frequency means for GLONASS orbit measurements.
*Providing SLR stations with geodetic-class RF navigation receivers connected to hydrogen maser frequency standards allows monitoring of on-board clocks and use of the data for operational control of GLONASS time and ephemeris data.
* SLR station coordinates are used as geodetic base for the GLONASS reference frame.
* SLR data are used to provide declared values of ephemeris precision.


==Central Synchronizer==
The Central Synchronizer implements the [[GLONASS General Introduction|GLONASS]] system time scale by means of a high-precise hydrogen atomic clock. The State Etalon UTC (CIS), in Mendeleevo, allows the synchronisation of GLONASS Cesium atomic clocks on-board satellites.


==Notes==
==Notes==
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<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:GLONASS|GLONASS Arquitecture]]
[[Category:GLONASS|GLONASS Architecture]]

Latest revision as of 17:16, 18 September 2014


GLONASSGLONASS
Title GLONASS Ground Segment
Edited by GMV
Level Basic
Year of Publication 2011
Logo GMV.png

The GLONASS Ground Segment (also referred to as Control Segment or Operational Control System) is the responsible for the proper operation of the GLONASS system. Like in GPS, the GLONASS Control Segment monitors the status of satellites, determines the ephemerides and satellite clock offsets and, twice a day, uploads the navigation data to the satellites.[1]

Introduction

GLONASS Ground Segment
SLR Station in Shelkovo (near Moscow)

The GLONASS ground segment consists of:[2]

  • A System Control Centre located at Krasnoznamensk.
  • A network of five Telemetry, Tracking and Command centers (TT&C):
    • Schelkovo
    • Komsomoisk
    • St-Peteburg
    • Ussuriysk
    • Yenisseisk
  • The Central Clock situated in Schelkovo (near Moscow).
  • Three Upload Stations:
    • Yenisseisk
    • Komsomoisk
    • Schelkovo
  • Two Laser Ranging Stations (SLR):
    • Schelkovo
    • Komsomoisk
  • A network of four Monitoring and Measuring Stations:
    • Schelkovo
    • Krasnoznamensk
    • Yenisseisk
    • Komsomolsk
  • Six additional Monitoring and Measuring Stations are to start operating on the territory of the Russian Federation and the Commonwealth of Independent States in the near future:
    • Yakutsk
    • Ulan-Ude
    • Nurek
    • Vorkuta
    • Murmansk
    • Zelenchuk

System Control Centre (SCC)

The System Control Center (SCC) is responsible for satellite constellation control and management of GLONASS satellites. It provides the telemetry, telecommand and control function for the whole GLONASS satellite constellation. The SCC coordinates all functions and operations at the system level. It processes the information from the Command and Tracking stations to determine satellite clock and orbit states, and updates the navigation message for each satellite.

Command and Tracking Stations

The Command and Tracking Stations are composed by a main network of five Telemetry, Tracking and Control (TT&C) stations distributed throughout the Russian territory. The CTSs track the GLONASS satellites in view and accumulate ranging data and telemetry from the satellites signals. The information from CTSs is processed at the SCC to determine satellite clock and orbit states and to update the navigation message of each satellite. This updated information is transmitted to the satellites via the Upload Stations, which are also used for the transmission of control information.

Laser Ranging Stations

The high precision of laser ranging allows use of SLR as a single source of calibration data for GLONASS ephemeris determination, providing solution of following problems:[3]

  • Estimation of accuracy, and calibration of radio-frequency means for GLONASS orbit measurements.
  • Providing SLR stations with geodetic-class RF navigation receivers connected to hydrogen maser frequency standards allows monitoring of on-board clocks and use of the data for operational control of GLONASS time and ephemeris data.
  • SLR station coordinates are used as geodetic base for the GLONASS reference frame.
  • SLR data are used to provide declared values of ephemeris precision.

Central Synchronizer

The Central Synchronizer implements the GLONASS system time scale by means of a high-precise hydrogen atomic clock. The State Etalon UTC (CIS), in Mendeleevo, allows the synchronisation of GLONASS Cesium atomic clocks on-board satellites.

Notes

References

  1. ^ J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernández-Pajares, Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Volume I: Fundamentals and Algorithms
  2. ^ Current and planned global and regional navigation satellite systems and satellite-based augmentation systems
  3. ^ Russian Laser Tracking Network
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