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Autonomous Applications: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 13:46, 1 November 2011
| Applications | |
|---|---|
| Title | Autonomous Applications |
| Author(s) | GMV |
| Level | Medium |
| Year of Publication | 2011 |
Driverless cars are ubiquitous in imagined future scenarios. Autonomous vehicles technology is a multi-disciplinary technology where different engineering areas are required. One of these areas is Navigation and GNSS systems where revolutionary in this area by providing positioning and navigation capabilities to the autonomous vehicles. With precise positioning, GNSS can be used for lane or track determination (for road and rail vehicles) and attitude determination by using multiple antennas.
Autonomous vehicle technology is still at its infancy but currently the first laboratory prototypes are being tested and demonstrated. GNSS has been one of the key drivers for the recent developments in this area.
Autonomous Driving
The main drivers for achieving autonomous driving is the reduction of traffic accidents by eliminating human error, increasing road capacity and traffic flow by reducing distance between cars and making use of traffic management information, relieving the car occupants from driving and navigation activities and allowing them to engage in other activities or rest[1].
A driverless car requires the combination of several techniques among which GNSS that will be able to guide a land vehicle from one point to another autonomously using public roads. In autonomous driving, GNSS can be used for navigation being used to determine the vehicle location and speed. This information will then be used to decide the vehicle route using digital maps. If the accuracy is good enough GNSS can be used also for lane determination and even for attitude determination. If the location information is shared among cars, GNSS could theoretically be used for short-range situation awareness although it is not expected that GNSS will be used in the future as sole means of information for short-range situation awareness.
Detailed information about Autonomous Driving can be found here.
Autonomous Flying
Advanced UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) are used or proposed in many missions covering security (including border patrol, anti-drug warfare, chemical, biological and radiological detection, maritime vessel identification and interdiction), surveillance of infrastructures (pipelines, power lines, railways, waterways, roads, airports), search and rescue, mapping, fisheries, agriculture, forestry, natural resource monitoring, fire fighting and emergency management, airborne communication collection and relay, weather data collection, environmental monitoring, pollution detection and other scientific research[2].
GNSS plays a very important role in UAVs. Either in when guided autonomously or guided by ground-based pilots, GNSS is used for determination of the location and speed of the UAV either for navigation or georeferencing the collected data. If the vehicle is autonomous, GNSS can contribute actively to the control loop of the UAV by providing inputs to the control algorithm and by giving feedback to the control algorithm after an action is taken.
Detailed information about Autonomous Flying can be found here.
Notes