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In automobile crashes, one of the most important factors in saving lives is a prompt response from emergency  medical services. By improving information transfer between the trauma care physician and emergency medical service personnel they result in faster, more appropriate care, thus saving lives and reducing disabilities resulting from crashes. Traffic incident and emergency management is the planned and coordinated program process to detect, respond to and remove traffic incidents and restore traffic capacity as safely and quickly as possible
In automobile crashes, one of the most important factors in saving lives is a prompt response from emergency  medical services. By improving information transfer between the trauma care physician and emergency medical service personnel they result in faster, more appropriate care, thus saving lives and reducing disabilities resulting from crashes. Traffic incident and emergency management is the planned and coordinated program process to detect, respond to and remove traffic incidents and restore traffic capacity as safely and quickly as possible


The use of GNSS for emergency services and incident management can make the response to emergency situations much faster and efficient saving lives. The precise location of vehicle can be sent to rescue authorities and can use the emergency and rescue vehicle fleet management system to assign the most adequate vehicle to respond to the incident.
The use of GNSS for emergency services and incident management can make the response to emergency situations much faster and efficient saving lives. The precise location of vehicle can be sent to rescue authorities and can use the emergency and rescue vehicle [[Work in Progress:Fleet Management and Vehicle Tracking|fleet management]] system to assign the most adequate vehicle to respond to the incident.


== Application Architecture ==
== Application Architecture ==


GNSS emergency services results on the combination of the existing emergency services with GNSS positioning technologies.  
GNSS emergency services results on the combination of the existing emergency services with GNSS positioning technologies. In technical terms such systems rely on device similar to a [[Work in Progress:Vehicle Tracker|vehicle tracker]] (a GNSS receiver with cellular communications capabilities) with some kind of human-machine interface that would allow to trigger emergency or distress calls or messages. These devices can be specific for emergency services or can take advantage and be integrated with of other GNSS systems on the vehicle such [[Road Navigation|navigation systems]], [[Work in Progress:Fleet Management and Vehicle Tracking|fleet management systems]] or [[Tolling|tolling systems]]. Also these systems can be integrated with vehicle sensors such as crash sensors, roll-over sensors or airbag activation sensors. The data coming from these sensors can be used to trigger automatically emergency assistance requests.


Incident management is a crucial function in the design and deployment of Transportation Management Systems
The human-machine interface can be as simple a distress button on the dashboard or can be integrated in the interface of other in-car systems. The emergency call system is usually integrated with an hands-free cellular communication system or even a video call system to allow the communication between the occupants of the vehicle and the emergency services providers.
and Traveller Information Systems. It primarily includes  incident detection,  verification,  response, and
clearance. Incident detection is a crucial step in incident  management; it affects consequent actions and
determines the reliability and efficiency of the whole system.


A very important application will be tracking and
GNSS emergency services can operate in two modes:
managing emergency and rescue vehicles. Combined
* '''Manual''' - The emergency call is triggered by the occupants of the vehicle in distress or by witnesses by pressing a distress button or using other user interface in the vehicle.
with dynamic traffic information, an ambulance (Europe
* '''Automatic''' - The emergency call is triggered automatically if a severe impact in an accident is detected by the sensors on the car.
has 60 000) with a Galileo receiver and communication
link will be able to reach its destination much faster.
Traffic lights could be controlled to speed the arrival of
an emergency vehicle.  
More than 50% of emergency calls now come from
mobile phones, so integral Galileo receivers (as planned
by the European E-112 project) will dramatically shorten
the rescue chain, gaining time and saving lives.  


In-vehicle emergency call systems allow the emergency services to remotely locate vehicles in a difficult situation, resulting from a collision or other distress situations
Having received the emergency call, the emergency responder will try to assess the severity of the emergency using the communication with the person that triggered the request, car sensor information provided by the system and other available means (such as road side cameras). Having the information about the position of the vehicle and an assessment of the severity of the emergency, the emergency responder will use the emergency and rescue vehicles fleet management system to assign the most adequate vehicle to respond to the emergency.


Incident detection algorithms may be grouped into two categories: automatic and non-automatic. Automatic
The position of the distress vehicle can be sent automatically to the response vehicle using the fleet management system and provided to the response vehicle navigation system. The navigation system of the response vehicle can use dynamic traffic information to determine the fastest route and provide route and position information to a traffic control center allowing traffic lights to be controlled to speed the arrival of the emergency vehicle enabling it to reach its destination much faster<ref>[http://www.galileoic.org/la/files/Road.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Road Applications], ESA and European Commission, October 2002</ref>. The integration with traffic management and traffic information systems
algorithms refer to those algorithms that automatically trigger an incident alarm when traffic condition data
received from field sensors satisfy certain preset conditions; non-automatic algorithms or procedures are based
on human witness reports (i.e., driver-based “sensors”). 
In order to support the above objectives, it is required to put in place several supporting functionalities:
•  Fleet Management System for the Assistance Vehicles of the Road-Infrastructure Operator;
•  A comprehensive integration with the Road-Side Equipment used by the Road-Infrastructure Operator;
The targeted application is based on the findings and developments of the ARMAS Phase I and Phase II
projects, with the special emphasis on minimizing or eliminating traffic congestion.
It will also be necessary to provide a “Command and Control” link with the various Road-Side Equipments
(RSE) which are installed in the road infra-structure order to acquire some critical environmental information
and to provide information and even “orders” to the users. This may include:
•  Variable Messages Signals;
•  Variable Signalization;
•  Meteorological Stations;
•  Traffic Counters;
•  SOS systems;
•  Video Cameras, both mobile and fixed.  


Galileo can increase the security of taxi and bus
These in-vehicle emergency call systems allow the emergency services to remotely locate vehicles in a difficult situation, resulting from a collision or other distress situations<ref name="Market_Report">[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/files/dmfile/GSAGNSSMarketreportIssue1.pdf GSA GNSS Market Report – Issue 1], October 2010.</ref>.
drivers. Simply pressing a distress button in the event of
 
an attack will immediately alert the police. The Galileo
Galileo can increase the security of taxi and bus drivers. Simply pressing a distress button in the event of an attack will immediately alert the police. The Galileo receiver will indicate the position of the vehicle<ref>[http://www.galileoic.org/la/files/Public%20Transport.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Public Transport Applications], ESA and European Commission, October 2002</ref>.
receiver will indicate the position of the vehicle.


== Application Characterization ==
== Application Characterization ==

Revision as of 18:02, 26 July 2011


ApplicationsApplications
Title Emergency Services
Author(s) GMV
Level Basic
Year of Publication 2011
Logo GMV.png


In automobile crashes, one of the most important factors in saving lives is a prompt response from emergency medical services. By improving information transfer between the trauma care physician and emergency medical service personnel they result in faster, more appropriate care, thus saving lives and reducing disabilities resulting from crashes. Traffic incident and emergency management is the planned and coordinated program process to detect, respond to and remove traffic incidents and restore traffic capacity as safely and quickly as possible

The use of GNSS for emergency services and incident management can make the response to emergency situations much faster and efficient saving lives. The precise location of vehicle can be sent to rescue authorities and can use the emergency and rescue vehicle fleet management system to assign the most adequate vehicle to respond to the incident.

Application Architecture

GNSS emergency services results on the combination of the existing emergency services with GNSS positioning technologies. In technical terms such systems rely on device similar to a vehicle tracker (a GNSS receiver with cellular communications capabilities) with some kind of human-machine interface that would allow to trigger emergency or distress calls or messages. These devices can be specific for emergency services or can take advantage and be integrated with of other GNSS systems on the vehicle such navigation systems, fleet management systems or tolling systems. Also these systems can be integrated with vehicle sensors such as crash sensors, roll-over sensors or airbag activation sensors. The data coming from these sensors can be used to trigger automatically emergency assistance requests.

The human-machine interface can be as simple a distress button on the dashboard or can be integrated in the interface of other in-car systems. The emergency call system is usually integrated with an hands-free cellular communication system or even a video call system to allow the communication between the occupants of the vehicle and the emergency services providers.

GNSS emergency services can operate in two modes:

  • Manual - The emergency call is triggered by the occupants of the vehicle in distress or by witnesses by pressing a distress button or using other user interface in the vehicle.
  • Automatic - The emergency call is triggered automatically if a severe impact in an accident is detected by the sensors on the car.

Having received the emergency call, the emergency responder will try to assess the severity of the emergency using the communication with the person that triggered the request, car sensor information provided by the system and other available means (such as road side cameras). Having the information about the position of the vehicle and an assessment of the severity of the emergency, the emergency responder will use the emergency and rescue vehicles fleet management system to assign the most adequate vehicle to respond to the emergency.

The position of the distress vehicle can be sent automatically to the response vehicle using the fleet management system and provided to the response vehicle navigation system. The navigation system of the response vehicle can use dynamic traffic information to determine the fastest route and provide route and position information to a traffic control center allowing traffic lights to be controlled to speed the arrival of the emergency vehicle enabling it to reach its destination much faster[1]. The integration with traffic management and traffic information systems

These in-vehicle emergency call systems allow the emergency services to remotely locate vehicles in a difficult situation, resulting from a collision or other distress situations[2].

Galileo can increase the security of taxi and bus drivers. Simply pressing a distress button in the event of an attack will immediately alert the police. The Galileo receiver will indicate the position of the vehicle[3].

Application Characterization

Application Examples

Notes


References

  1. ^ Galileo Application Sheet - Road Applications, ESA and European Commission, October 2002
  2. ^ GSA GNSS Market Report – Issue 1, October 2010.
  3. ^ Galileo Application Sheet - Public Transport Applications, ESA and European Commission, October 2002
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