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{{Article Infobox2
{{Article Infobox2
|Category=COMPASS
|Category=BEIDOU
|Authors=GMV
|Editors=GMV
|Level=Basic
|Level=Basic
|YearOfPublication=2011
|YearOfPublication=2011
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The [[COMPASS General Introduction|Compass Navigation Satellite System (CNSS)]], also named BeiDou-2,<ref name=Chinese_today>[http://www.sinodefence.com/space/satellite/compass-beidou2.asp Compass Satellite Navigation System (Beidou), on Sinodefence.com, updated on August 6th, 2011.] </ref> is China’s second-generation satellite navigation system that will be capable of providing positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis<ref name=Chinese_today/><ref name=COMPASS_Wiki>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass_navigation_system COMPASS Navigation system in Wikipedia]</ref>.
The [[BeiDou_General_Introduction|BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)]], also known as BeiDou-2<ref name=BDS_STATUS> Compass/BeiDou Status, Jun Shen, BNStar Navigation Technology & System, Inc., Rome (Italy), June 11, 2009</ref>, is China’s second-generation satellite navigation system<ref name=BDS_STATUS/><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beidou_Navigation_Satellite_System BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in Wikipedia]</ref> that will be capable of providing positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis<ref name=BDS_WORLDWIDE>[http://www.insidegnss.com BeiDou China’s Rapidly Emerging GNSS, InsideGNSS, May/June 2014]</ref>.
With continuous efforts put on compatibility and interoperability of the system, the COMPASS user segment and respective applications are expected to be very similar to all other GNSSs for the [[COMPASS Services|open service]]. COMPASS has one particularity over all the other GNSSs: the capability of allowing exchange of [[COMPASS Services|short message services]] between ground stations and users.
With continuous efforts put on compatibility and interoperability of the system, the BeiDou user segment and respective applications are expected to be very similar to all other GNSSs for the [[BeiDou Services|open service]]. BeiDou has one particularity over all the other GNSSs: the capability of allowing exchange of [[BeiDou Services|short message services]] between ground stations and users.


==COMPASS User Segment==
==BeiDou User Segment==


The COMPASS User Segment consists of COMPASS/Beidou user terminals,<ref name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011/> which receive Compass navigation signals, determine pseudoranges (and other observables) and solve the navigation equations in order to obtain their coordinates.  A [[COMPASS Receivers|COMPASS receiver]] is a device capable of determining the user position, velocity and precise time (PVT) by processing the signal broadcasted by COMPASS satellites. Any navigation solution provided by a GNSS Receiver is based on the computation of its distance to a set of satellites, by means of extracting the propagation time of the incoming signals traveling through space at the speed of light, according to the satellite and receiver local clocks<ref name="GNSS-Book ">J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernández-Pajares, ''Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Volume I: Fundamentals and Algorithms''</ref>. It should be noted that in the first version of the system, BeiDou-1, the user position was computed by the ground station and relayed back to the user via GEO satellite.
The BeiDou User Segment consists of Beidou user terminals<ref name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011>China Satellite Navigation Office, ''Development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System'', Munich Satellite Navigation Summit, 2011.</ref>, which receive BeiDou navigation signals, determine pseudoranges (and other observables) and solve the navigation equations in order to obtain their coordinates.  A [[BeiDou Receivers|BeiDou receiver]] is a device capable of determining the user position, velocity and precise time (PVT) by processing the signal broadcasted by BeiDou satellites. Any navigation solution provided by a GNSS Receiver is based on the computation of its distance to a set of satellites, by means of extracting the propagation time of the incoming signals traveling through space at the speed of light, according to the satellite and receiver local clocks<ref name="GNSS-Book ">J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernández-Pajares, ''Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Volume I: Fundamentals and Algorithms''</ref>. It should be noted that in the first version of the system, [[Other Regional Systems#BeiDou-1|BeiDou-1]], the user position is computed by the ground station and relayed back to the user via GEO satellite. This concept was not adopted in the BeiDou evolution that uses the usual way of computing user position on receiver side.


In June 2011, the system has completed the ground segment commissioning, including the test section of the user terminal development<ref>[http://www.cnkeyword.info/compass-system-10-months-to-complete-a-comprehensive-test-covering-the-asia-pacific-region-next-year/ ''Compass system 10 months to complete a comprehensive test covering the Asia Pacific region next year''] China news, 20th June 2011.</ref>. The first generation of BeiDou-1 terminals emerged in 2003 with full RDSS function and communication terminal based on General Purpose ICs. The second generation appeared in 2009  based in ASIC and comprising already GPS integration<ref>"Status of COMPASS Development", M. Lu, Stanford PNT Symposium 2010</ref>.
In June 2011, the system has completed the ground segment commissioning, including the test section of the user terminal development<ref>Compass system 10 months to complete a comprehensive test, covering the Asia Pacific region next year, China news, 20th June 2011.</ref>. However the first terminals appeared in 2009  based in ASIC and comprising already GPS integration<ref>"Status of COMPASS Development", M. Lu, Stanford PNT Symposium 2010</ref>.


There is also an international cooperation in terms of [[Principles of Compatibility among GNSS|Compatibility]] and [[Principles of Interoperability among GNSS|Interoperability]] between BeiDou and other GNSSs<ref name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011/>.
There is also an international cooperation in terms of [[Principles of Compatibility among GNSS|Compatibility]] and [[Principles of Interoperability among GNSS|Interoperability]] between BeiDou and other GNSSs<ref name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011/>.
The BeiDou ICD Document (V1.0) is expected to be published in 2011<ref>"Development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System", China Satellite Navigation Office, ION GNSS September 2011</ref>.
The China Satellite Navigation Office has been publishing ICD updates on an annual basis being the definition of the [[BeiDou Services|Open Service (OS)]] in a very advanced status.


==Applications==


For completeness, the main characteristics of COMPASS signals are shown in the following table and figure, extracted from the presentation on the status of COMPASS in Munich Satellite Navigation Summit 2011 by the China Satellite Navigation Office:<ref name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011/>
[[GNSS Applications|GNSS applications]] are all those applications that use GNSS signals to collect position, velocity and time information to be used by the application. For instance, the position and velocity provided by a BeiDou user terminal may be used for different kinds of applications (civil, military, scientific) such as<ref name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011/>:
 
 
[[File:CompassSpectrum.PNG‎|COMPASS Signals Spectrum|450px|thumb]]
 
[[File:CompassSignals.png‎|COMPASS Signals characteristics|500px]]
 
==Applications==


[[GNSS Applications|GNSS applications]] are all those applications that use GNSS signals to collect position, velocity and time information to be used by the application. For instance, the position and velocity provided by a COMPASS user terminal may be used for different kinds of applications (civil, military, scientific) such as<ref name=BEIDOU_MUNICH_2011/>:
* Fishery: fishermen safety, oceanic and economic security, protection of sovereignty and resources: 14000 fisher users were reported and more than 500 vessel rescue and costal alarm systems have been equipped with BeiDou terminals;
* Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: improvement of rescue response and decision-making capability due to rapid and timely disaster alert, support to rescue operations regarding command scheduling and rapid communication. BeiDou terminals were used in the operations that followed the earthquakes in Wenchuan (Sichuan Province) and Yushu (Qinghai Province);
* Timing: Beidou/GPS multi-mode time synchronization devices, with a reported synchronization accuracy better than 100 ns;
* Other applications include transportation, water management, meteorology, forest fire prevention, soil monitoring and coal mine safety monitoring.


* Fishery: Fishermen safety of life, Oceanic and economic security, Protection of marine resources and sovereignty: 14000 fisher users were reported and more than 500 vessel rescue and costal alarm systems have been equipped with BeiDou terminals;
In August 2015, Alibaba, China’s e-commerce counterpart to Amazon, announced that it will start providing Location Based Services (LBS) based on the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS).<ref name=BEIDOU_LBS>[http://insidegnss.com/alibaba-china-miltary-supplier-join-forces-for-beidou-aided-lbs-jv/ Alibaba, China Miltary Supplier Join Forces for BeiDou-Aided LBS JV]</ref>
* Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: improvement of rescue response and decision-making capability due to rapid and timely disaster alert, rescue command scheduling and rapid emergency communication. BeiDou terminals were used in the operations that followed the earthquakes in Wenchuan (Sichuan Province) and Yushu (Qinghai Province);
* Timing: Beidou/GPS multi-mode time synchronization devices with embedded Beidou/GPS timing module, with a reported synchorinization accuracy better than 100 ns;
* Other applications include Transportation, Water conservancy, Meteorology, Forest Fire Prevention, Soil Monitoring and Coal Mine Safety Monitoring.




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[[Category:COMPASS]]
[[Category:BEIDOU]]

Latest revision as of 18:23, 26 August 2018


BEIDOUBEIDOU
Title BeiDou User Segment
Edited by GMV
Level Basic
Year of Publication 2011
Logo GMV.png

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), also known as BeiDou-2[1], is China’s second-generation satellite navigation system[1][2] that will be capable of providing positioning, navigation, and timing services to users on a continuous worldwide basis[3]. With continuous efforts put on compatibility and interoperability of the system, the BeiDou user segment and respective applications are expected to be very similar to all other GNSSs for the open service. BeiDou has one particularity over all the other GNSSs: the capability of allowing exchange of short message services between ground stations and users.

BeiDou User Segment

The BeiDou User Segment consists of Beidou user terminals[4], which receive BeiDou navigation signals, determine pseudoranges (and other observables) and solve the navigation equations in order to obtain their coordinates. A BeiDou receiver is a device capable of determining the user position, velocity and precise time (PVT) by processing the signal broadcasted by BeiDou satellites. Any navigation solution provided by a GNSS Receiver is based on the computation of its distance to a set of satellites, by means of extracting the propagation time of the incoming signals traveling through space at the speed of light, according to the satellite and receiver local clocks[5]. It should be noted that in the first version of the system, BeiDou-1, the user position is computed by the ground station and relayed back to the user via GEO satellite. This concept was not adopted in the BeiDou evolution that uses the usual way of computing user position on receiver side.

In June 2011, the system has completed the ground segment commissioning, including the test section of the user terminal development[6]. However the first terminals appeared in 2009 based in ASIC and comprising already GPS integration[7].

There is also an international cooperation in terms of Compatibility and Interoperability between BeiDou and other GNSSs[4]. The China Satellite Navigation Office has been publishing ICD updates on an annual basis being the definition of the Open Service (OS) in a very advanced status.

Applications

GNSS applications are all those applications that use GNSS signals to collect position, velocity and time information to be used by the application. For instance, the position and velocity provided by a BeiDou user terminal may be used for different kinds of applications (civil, military, scientific) such as[4]:

  • Fishery: fishermen safety, oceanic and economic security, protection of sovereignty and resources: 14000 fisher users were reported and more than 500 vessel rescue and costal alarm systems have been equipped with BeiDou terminals;
  • Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: improvement of rescue response and decision-making capability due to rapid and timely disaster alert, support to rescue operations regarding command scheduling and rapid communication. BeiDou terminals were used in the operations that followed the earthquakes in Wenchuan (Sichuan Province) and Yushu (Qinghai Province);
  • Timing: Beidou/GPS multi-mode time synchronization devices, with a reported synchronization accuracy better than 100 ns;
  • Other applications include transportation, water management, meteorology, forest fire prevention, soil monitoring and coal mine safety monitoring.

In August 2015, Alibaba, China’s e-commerce counterpart to Amazon, announced that it will start providing Location Based Services (LBS) based on the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS).[8]


  • App transport.png
  • CompassApplication.jpg
  • App survey.jpg

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b Compass/BeiDou Status, Jun Shen, BNStar Navigation Technology & System, Inc., Rome (Italy), June 11, 2009
  2. ^ BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in Wikipedia
  3. ^ BeiDou China’s Rapidly Emerging GNSS, InsideGNSS, May/June 2014
  4. ^ a b c China Satellite Navigation Office, Development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, Munich Satellite Navigation Summit, 2011.
  5. ^ J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernández-Pajares, Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Volume I: Fundamentals and Algorithms
  6. ^ Compass system 10 months to complete a comprehensive test, covering the Asia Pacific region next year, China news, 20th June 2011.
  7. ^ "Status of COMPASS Development", M. Lu, Stanford PNT Symposium 2010
  8. ^ Alibaba, China Miltary Supplier Join Forces for BeiDou-Aided LBS JV
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