Wide Area RTK (WARTK) - Revision history

Filipe.Pelica: Included editor logo.

2014-09-18T17:13:41Z

Included editor logo.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:13, 18 September 2014
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	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
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Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-09-08T17:26:16Z

fixed broken link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 8 September 2014
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	==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==		==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==

	Starting in late 90's until nowadays, the group [http://www.gage.es/ gAGE/UPC] has developed the Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (only GPS) and 3-frequency systems (also with Galileo and modernized GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometers is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimeter level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region.<ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/~~index.cfm?objectid=42B6F1B2~~-~~A906~~-~~2D88~~-~~C40D0B75612EDD2D~~ WARTK-EGAL Project]</ref>		Starting in late 90's until nowadays, the group [http://www.gage.es/ gAGE/UPC] has developed the Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (only GPS) and 3-frequency systems (also with Galileo and modernized GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometers is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimeter level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region.<ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/wartk-based-egnos-and-galileo-technical-feasibility-study WARTK-EGAL Project]</ref>

	The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008</ref>		The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008</ref>

Carlos.Lopez at 11:42, 23 February 2012

2012-02-23T11:42:38Z

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	\|Category=Fundamentals		\|Category=Fundamentals
	\|~~Authors~~=GMV		\|Editors=GMV
	\|Level=Basic		\|Level=Basic
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	~~\|Logo=GMV~~
	\|Title={{PAGENAME}}		\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
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Irene.Hidalgo at 09:01, 27 November 2011

2011-11-27T09:01:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:01, 27 November 2011
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	==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==		==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==

	~~During the last few years~~, the group [http://www.gage.es/ gAGE/UPC] has developed the ~~so-called~~ Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (only GPS) and 3-frequency systems (also with Galileo and modernized GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometers is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimeter level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region~~, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view~~.		Starting in late 90's until nowadays, the group [http://www.gage.es/ gAGE/UPC] has developed the Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (only GPS) and 3-frequency systems (also with Galileo and modernized GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometers is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimeter level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region.<ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/index.cfm?objectid=42B6F1B2-A906-2D88-C40D0B75612EDD2D WARTK-EGAL Project]</ref>

	The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008~~</ref><ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/index.cfm?objectid=42B6F1B2-A906-2D88-C40D0B75612EDD2D WARTK-EGAL Project]~~</ref>		The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008</ref>

	Although its feasibility has been demonstrated with real data, no WARTK operational system has been deployed so far.		Although its feasibility has been demonstrated with real data, no WARTK operational system has been deployed so far.

Irene.Hidalgo: /* Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) */

2011-11-27T08:56:04Z

Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:56, 27 November 2011
Line 11:		Line 11:
	==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==		==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==

	During the last few years, the group [http://www.gage.es/ gAGE/UPC] has developed the so-called Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (GPS) and 3-frequency systems (Galileo and modernized GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometers is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimeter level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view.		During the last few years, the group [http://www.gage.es/ gAGE/UPC] has developed the so-called Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (only GPS) and 3-frequency systems (also with Galileo and modernized GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometers is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimeter level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view.

	The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/index.cfm?objectid=42B6F1B2-A906-2D88-C40D0B75612EDD2D WARTK-EGAL Project]</ref>		The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/index.cfm?objectid=42B6F1B2-A906-2D88-C40D0B75612EDD2D WARTK-EGAL Project]</ref>

Irene.Hidalgo at 08:51, 27 November 2011

2011-11-27T08:51:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:51, 27 November 2011
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	\|Title={{PAGENAME}}		\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
	}}		}}
	In [[Real Time Kinematics\|Real Time Kinematics (RTK)]], the ~~assumption that~~ the ~~differential~~ ionospheric delay between ~~a GNSS transmitter~~ and each of the roving ~~or reference receivers is negligible~~ works ~~well~~ for baselines up to 10-20 kilometers. ~~A refinement~~ of ~~this assumption comes with the network~~ RTK (NRTK) ~~using a set of permanent receivers~~ to mitigate atmospheric dependent effects over distance, ~~increasing~~ the allowed distance between baselines and rovers up to 50-70 kms. In the late 1990s, the '''Wide Area RTK''' concept was introduced by the [http://www.gage.es/ Research Group of Astronomy and Geomatics (gAGE)] from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) to address these ~~deficiencies~~.		In [[Real Time Kinematics\|Real Time Kinematics (RTK)]], the compensation of the ionospheric delay between the base station and each of the roving users works for baselines up to 10-20 kilometers. When using a network of base stations, [[RTK Systems\|Network RTK]] (NRTK), to mitigate atmospheric dependent effects over distance, the allowed distance between baselines and rovers increases up to 50-70 kms. In the late 1990s, the '''Wide Area RTK''' concept was introduced by the [http://www.gage.es/ Research Group of Astronomy and Geomatics (gAGE)] from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) to address these problems.

	==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==		==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==

	During the last few years, the group gAGE/UPC has developed the so-called Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (GPS) and 3-frequency systems (Galileo and modernized GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometers is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimeter level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view.		During the last few years, the group [http://www.gage.es/ gAGE/UPC] has developed the so-called Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (GPS) and 3-frequency systems (Galileo and modernized GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometers is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimeter level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view.

	The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/index.cfm?objectid=42B6F1B2-A906-2D88-C40D0B75612EDD2D WARTK-EGAL Project]</ref>		The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/index.cfm?objectid=42B6F1B2-A906-2D88-C40D0B75612EDD2D WARTK-EGAL Project]</ref>

Rui.Pereira at 18:03, 8 November 2011

2011-11-08T18:03:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:03, 8 November 2011
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	{{Article Infobox2		{{Article Infobox2
	\|Category=Fundamentals		\|Category=Fundamentals
	~~\|Title={{PAGENAME}}~~
	\|Authors=GMV		\|Authors=GMV
	\|Level=Basic		\|Level=Basic
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	\|Logo=GMV		\|Logo=GMV
			\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
	}}		}}
			In [[Real Time Kinematics\|Real Time Kinematics (RTK)]], the assumption that the differential ionospheric delay between a GNSS transmitter and each of the roving or reference receivers is negligible works well for baselines up to 10-20 kilometers. A refinement of this assumption comes with the network RTK (NRTK) using a set of permanent receivers to mitigate atmospheric dependent effects over distance, increasing the allowed distance between baselines and rovers up to 50-70 kms. In the late 1990s, the '''Wide Area RTK''' concept was introduced by the [http://www.gage.es/ Research Group of Astronomy and Geomatics (gAGE)] from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) to address these deficiencies.
	In [[~~Work in Progress:~~Real Time Kinematics\|Real Time Kinematics (RTK)]], the assumption that the differential ionospheric delay between a GNSS transmitter and each of the roving or reference receivers is negligible works well for baselines up to 10-20 kilometers. A refinement of this assumption comes with the network RTK (NRTK) using a set of permanent receivers to mitigate atmospheric dependent effects over distance, increasing the allowed distance between baselines and rovers up to 50-70 kms. In the late 1990s, the '''Wide Area RTK''' concept was introduced by the [http://www.gage.es/ Research Group of Astronomy and Geomatics (gAGE)] from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) to address these deficiencies.

	==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==		==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==
Line 22:		Line 21:
	The following articles include further information about different important topics related to a WARTK:		The following articles include further information about different important topics related to a WARTK:

	* [[~~Work in Progress:~~WARTK Fundamentals\|WARTK Fundamentals]] introduces the recently-developed WARTK technique.		* [[WARTK Fundamentals\|WARTK Fundamentals]] introduces the recently-developed WARTK technique.

	* The [[~~Work in Progress:~~WARTK Standards\|WARTK Standards]] article summarizes some conventions, models and formats commonly used by WARTK.		* The [[WARTK Standards\|WARTK Standards]] article summarizes some conventions, models and formats commonly used by WARTK.

	* [[~~Work in Progress:~~WARTK Systems\|WARTK Systems]] sections provide an overview of the potential WARTK systems and applications.		* [[WARTK Systems\|WARTK Systems]] sections provide an overview of the potential WARTK systems and applications.

	==Notes==		==Notes==

Rui.Pereira: moved Work in Progress:Wide Area RTK (WARTK) to Wide Area RTK (WARTK)

2011-06-30T12:34:41Z

moved Work in Progress:Wide Area RTK (WARTK) to Wide Area RTK (WARTK)

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:34, 30 June 2011
(No difference)

Rui.Pereira at 14:21, 28 June 2011

2011-06-28T14:21:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:21, 28 June 2011
Line 12:		Line 12:
	==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==		==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==

	During the last few years, the group gAGE/UPC has developed the so-called Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (GPS) and 3-frequency systems (Galileo and ~~modernised~~ GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of ~~kilometres~~ is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-~~decimetre~~ level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view.		During the last few years, the group gAGE/UPC has developed the so-called Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique, which allows the extension of local services based on the real-time carrier phase ambiguity resolution to wide-area scale (i.e. baselines between the rover and reference stations greater than 100 km), for both dual-frequency (GPS) and 3-frequency systems (Galileo and modernized GPS). The Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK) technique for dual and 3-frequency systems are based on an optimal combination of accurate ionospheric and geodetic models in a permanent reference stations network. The main factor limiting the range extension of the RTK technique beyond a few tens of kilometers is the differential ionospheric correction between the roving and the nearest reference GNSS station. Such ionospheric correction prevents the real-time ambiguity fixing, and therefore the corresponding accurate navigation at sub-decimeter level. The ionosphere produces ambiguity biases and correlations whose mitigation becomes the main problem to sort out. Even with the aid of multi-reference-station techniques, due to the baseline limitation (<20 km), several thousands would be required to cover such a service to the whole European region, obviously unaffordable from a logistic and economic point of view.

	The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/index.cfm?objectid=42B6F1B2-A906-2D88-C40D0B75612EDD2D WARTK-EGAL Project]</ref>		The main techniques supporting WARTK are related to an accurate real-time computation of ionospheric corrections, combined with an optimal processing of GNSS observables (carrier phases in particular) in both 2 and 3-frequency systems. The method increases the RTK/NRTK service area, with permanent stations separated by up to 500–900 kilometers — all while requiring 100 to 1,000 times fewer receivers covering a given region.<ref> Hernández-Pajares et al, ''Feasibility Study of a European Wide Area Real Time Kinematic System,'' invited talk in 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies (Navitec), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, December 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.gsa.europa.eu/index.cfm?objectid=42B6F1B2-A906-2D88-C40D0B75612EDD2D WARTK-EGAL Project]</ref>

	~~Althogh~~ its feasibility has been demonstrated with real data, no WARTK operational system has been deployed so far.		Although its feasibility has been demonstrated with real data, no WARTK operational system has been deployed so far.

	==WARTK Related Articles==		==WARTK Related Articles==

Rui.Pereira at 11:08, 28 June 2011

2011-06-28T11:08:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:08, 28 June 2011
Line 8:		Line 8:
	}}		}}

	In [[Real Time Kinematics\|Real Time Kinematics (RTK)]], the assumption that the differential ionospheric delay between a GNSS transmitter and each of the roving or reference receivers is negligible works well for baselines up to 10-20 kilometers. A refinement of this assumption comes with the network RTK (NRTK) using a set of permanent receivers to mitigate atmospheric dependent effects over distance, increasing the allowed distance between baselines and rovers up to 50-70 kms. In the late 1990s, the '''Wide Area RTK''' concept was introduced by the [http://www.gage.es/ Research Group of Astronomy and Geomatics (gAGE)] from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) to address these deficiencies.		In [[Work in Progress:Real Time Kinematics\|Real Time Kinematics (RTK)]], the assumption that the differential ionospheric delay between a GNSS transmitter and each of the roving or reference receivers is negligible works well for baselines up to 10-20 kilometers. A refinement of this assumption comes with the network RTK (NRTK) using a set of permanent receivers to mitigate atmospheric dependent effects over distance, increasing the allowed distance between baselines and rovers up to 50-70 kms. In the late 1990s, the '''Wide Area RTK''' concept was introduced by the [http://www.gage.es/ Research Group of Astronomy and Geomatics (gAGE)] from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) to address these deficiencies.

	==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==		==Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK)==
Line 22:		Line 22:
	The following articles include further information about different important topics related to a WARTK:		The following articles include further information about different important topics related to a WARTK:

	* [[WARTK Fundamentals\|WARTK Fundamentals]] introduces the recently-developed WARTK technique.		* [[Work in Progress:WARTK Fundamentals\|WARTK Fundamentals]] introduces the recently-developed WARTK technique.

	* The [[WARTK Standards\|WARTK Standards]] article summarizes some conventions, models and formats commonly used by WARTK.		* The [[Work in Progress:WARTK Standards\|WARTK Standards]] article summarizes some conventions, models and formats commonly used by WARTK.

	* [[WARTK Systems\|WARTK Systems]] sections provide an overview of the potential WARTK systems and applications.		* [[Work in Progress:WARTK Systems\|WARTK Systems]] sections provide an overview of the potential WARTK systems and applications.

	==Notes==		==Notes==