Regional Datums and Map Projections - Revision history

Carlos.Lopez at 11:41, 23 February 2012

2012-02-23T11:41:08Z

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Carlos.Lopez at 08:47, 23 January 2012

2012-01-23T08:47:50Z

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Jaume.Sanz at 10:51, 18 January 2012

2012-01-18T10:51:11Z

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	::[[File:Datum.png\|none\|thumb\|400px\|'''''Figure 1:''''' Global and Local geodetic datums .]]		::[[File:Datum.png\|none\|thumb\|400px\|'''''Figure 1:''''' Global and Local geodetic datums and Geoid.]]

Jaume.Sanz at 10:45, 18 January 2012

2012-01-18T10:45:49Z

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	A datum consists in a ellipsoid relative to which the latitude and longitude of points are defined, and a geoid defining the surface at zero height <ref group="footnotes">More precisely, the equipotential surface of earth's gravity field that on average coincides with mean sea level in the open oceans. Note that due to variations in gravity, the geoid undulates significantly.</ref>.Different organisations, countries or groups of countries have developed their own datums for civil and military applications.		A datum consists in an ellipsoid relative to which the latitude and longitude of points are defined, and a geoid defining the surface at zero height <ref group="footnotes">More precisely, the equipotential surface of earth's gravity field that on average coincides with mean sea level in the open oceans. Note that due to variations in gravity, the geoid undulates significantly.</ref>.Different organisations, countries or groups of countries have developed their own datums for civil and military applications.

Jaume.Sanz at 07:52, 18 January 2012

2012-01-18T07:52:03Z

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	{{Article Infobox2		{{Article Infobox2
	\|Category=Fundamentals		\|Category=Fundamentals
	~~\|Title={{PAGENAME}}~~		\|Authors=J. Sanz Subirana, J.M. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernández-Pajares, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain.
	\|Authors=J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. ~~Hernandez~~-Pajares, University of ~~Catalunia~~, Spain.
	\|Level=Basic		\|Level=Basic
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
			\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
	}}		}}
	A datum consists in a ellipsoid relative to which the latitude and longitude of points are defined, and a geoid defining the surface at zero height <ref group="footnotes">More precisely, the equipotential surface of earth's gravity field that on average coincides with mean sea level in the open oceans. Note that due to variations in gravity, the geoid undulates significantly.</ref>.Different organisations, countries or groups of countries have developed their own datums for civil and military applications.		A datum consists in a ellipsoid relative to which the latitude and longitude of points are defined, and a geoid defining the surface at zero height <ref group="footnotes">More precisely, the equipotential surface of earth's gravity field that on average coincides with mean sea level in the open oceans. Note that due to variations in gravity, the geoid undulates significantly.</ref>.Different organisations, countries or groups of countries have developed their own datums for civil and military applications.

Carlos.Lopez at 15:12, 8 August 2011

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	[[Category:Fundamentals]]		[[Category:Fundamentals]]
			[[Category:GNSS Time Reference, Coordinate Frames and Orbits]]

Carlos.Lopez at 09:17, 5 August 2011

2011-08-05T09:17:25Z

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	A datum consists in a ellipsoid relative to which the latitude and longitude of points are defined, and a geoid defining the surface at zero height <ref group="footnotes">More precisely, the equipotential surface of earth's gravity field that on average coincides with mean sea level in the open oceans. Note that due to variations in gravity, the geoid undulates significantly.</ref>.Different organisations, countries or groups of countries have developed their own datums for civil and military applications.		A datum consists in a ellipsoid relative to which the latitude and longitude of points are defined, and a geoid defining the surface at zero height <ref group="footnotes">More precisely, the equipotential surface of earth's gravity field that on average coincides with mean sea level in the open oceans. Note that due to variations in gravity, the geoid undulates significantly.</ref>.Different organisations, countries or groups of countries have developed their own datums for civil and military applications.

	Such ellipsoids are conventionally defined as fitting the geoid in the region of interest, without them being necessarily geocentric or to have their axes constrained to a given orientation. A valuable contribution of ~~\acs{~~GPS} was to provide a Global Reference Frame, simplifying the mapping of the earth and unifying the diverse datums [Misra ~~and~~ Enge, 2001]<ref> [Misra and Enge, 2001] Misra, P. and Enge, P., 2001. Global Positioning System. Signals, Measurements and Performance.. Ganga-Jamuna Press, Massachusetts, US.</ref>. Figure 1 illustrates the concept of Local and Global datum, and its relation the geoid.
			Such ellipsoids are conventionally defined as fitting the geoid in the region of interest, without them being necessarily geocentric or to have their axes constrained to a given orientation. A valuable contribution of [[GPS General Introduction\|GPS]] was to provide a Global Reference Frame, simplifying the mapping of the earth and unifying the diverse datums [Misra & Enge, 2001]<ref> [Misra and Enge, 2001] Misra, P. and Enge, P., 2001. Global Positioning System. Signals, Measurements and Performance. Ganga-Jamuna Press, Massachusetts, US.</ref>. Figure 1 illustrates the concept of Local and Global datum, and its relation the geoid.


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	The ellipsoidal coordinates of the datum must then be mapped into plane coordinates using a proper projection to build a map. Different projections have been defined (preserving areas, angles, distances, etc.), but all of them introduce distortions due to the mapping of a curve surface to a plane (see, for instance, [Hofmann-Wellenhof et al., 2008]<ref> [Hofmann-Wellenhof et al., 2008] Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H.,K. and Wasle, E., 2008. GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite Systems..Springer-Verlag, Wien, Austria.</ref>~~, chapter 8~~).		The ellipsoidal coordinates of the datum must then be mapped into plane coordinates using a proper projection to build a map. Different projections have been defined (preserving areas, angles, distances, etc.), but all of them introduce distortions due to the mapping of a curve surface to a plane (see, for instance, [Hofmann-Wellenhof et al., 2008], chapter 8<ref> [Hofmann-Wellenhof et al., 2008] Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H.,K. and Wasle, E., 2008. GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite Systems..Springer-Verlag, Wien, Austria.</ref>).


	The local maps edited by the official organisms are referenced to a given datum. The coordinates expressed in a datum can be transformed into another with a 7 parameter transformation as explained in [[Transformation between Celestial and Terrestrial Frames]]. In this way, most of the commercial receivers incorporate the parameters for several official datums to map the WGS84 coordinates.		The local maps edited by the official organisms are referenced to a given datum. The coordinates expressed in a datum can be transformed into another with a 7 parameter transformation as explained in [[Transformation between Celestial and Terrestrial Frames]]. In this way, most of the commercial receivers incorporate the parameters for several official datums to map the WGS84 coordinates.

Carlos.Lopez: Created page with "{{Article Infobox2 |Category=Fundamentals |Title={{PAGENAME}} |Authors=J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernandez-Pajares, University of Catalunia, Spain. |Level=Basic |..."

2011-04-07T15:16:00Z

Created page with "{{Article Infobox2 |Category=Fundamentals |Title={{PAGENAME}} |Authors=J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernandez-Pajares, University of Catalunia, Spain. |Level=Basic |..."

New page

{{Article Infobox2
|Category=Fundamentals
|Title={{PAGENAME}}
|Authors=J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernandez-Pajares, University of Catalunia, Spain.
|Level=Basic
|YearOfPublication=2011
}}
A datum consists in a ellipsoid relative to which the latitude and longitude of points are defined, and a geoid defining the surface at zero height <ref group="footnotes">More precisely, the equipotential surface of earth's gravity field that on average coincides with mean sea level in the open oceans. Note that due to variations in gravity, the geoid undulates significantly.</ref>.Different organisations, countries or groups of countries have developed their own datums for civil and military applications.

Such ellipsoids are conventionally defined as fitting the geoid in the region of interest, without them being necessarily geocentric or to have their axes constrained to a given orientation. A valuable contribution of \acs{GPS} was to provide a Global Reference Frame, simplifying the mapping of the earth and unifying the diverse datums [Misra and Enge, 2001]<ref> [Misra and Enge, 2001] Misra, P. and Enge, P., 2001. Global Positioning System. Signals, Measurements and Performance.. Ganga-Jamuna Press, Massachusetts, US.</ref>. Figure 1 illustrates the concept of Local and Global datum, and its relation the geoid.

::[[File:Datum.png|none|thumb|400px|'''''Figure 1:''''' Global and Local geodetic datums .]]

The ellipsoidal coordinates of the datum must then be mapped into plane coordinates using a proper projection to build a map. Different projections have been defined (preserving areas, angles, distances, etc.), but all of them introduce distortions due to the mapping of a curve surface to a plane (see, for instance, [Hofmann-Wellenhof et al., 2008]<ref> [Hofmann-Wellenhof et al., 2008] Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H.,K. and Wasle, E., 2008. GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite Systems..Springer-Verlag, Wien, Austria.</ref>, chapter 8).

The local maps edited by the official organisms are referenced to a given datum. The coordinates expressed in a datum can be transformed into another with a 7 parameter transformation as explained in [[Transformation between Celestial and Terrestrial Frames]]. In this way, most of the commercial receivers incorporate the parameters for several official datums to map the WGS84 coordinates.

==Notes==
<references group="footnotes"/>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Fundamentals]]