Rail Applications - Revision history

Filipe.Pelica: Included editor logo.

2014-09-18T16:25:20Z

Included editor logo.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:25, 18 September 2014
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	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
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Carlos.Lopez at 10:56, 23 February 2012

2012-02-23T10:56:38Z

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	{{Article Infobox2		{{Article Infobox2
	\|Category=Applications		\|Category=Applications
	\|~~Authors~~=GMV		\|Editors=GMV
	\|Level=Intermediate		\|Level=Intermediate
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	~~\|Logo=GMV~~
	\|Title={{PAGENAME}}		\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
	}}		}}

Rui.Pereira at 15:46, 8 November 2011

2011-11-08T15:46:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:46, 8 November 2011
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	{{Article Infobox2		{{Article Infobox2
	\|Category=Applications		\|Category=Applications
	~~\|Title={{PAGENAME}}~~
	\|Authors=GMV		\|Authors=GMV
	\|Level=Intermediate		\|Level=Intermediate
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	\|Logo=GMV		\|Logo=GMV
			\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
	}}		}}
	Rail systems throughout the world are beginning to use GNSS to track the movement of locomotives, rail cars, maintenance vehicles, and wayside equipment in real time. When combined with other sensors, computers, and communications systems, GNSS improves rail safety, security, and operational effectiveness. The technology helps reduce accidents, delays and operating costs while increasing track capacity, customer satisfaction and cost effectiveness<ref name="gpsgov" >[http://www.gps.gov/applications/rail/ GPS.gov Portal], Rail Applications</ref>.		Rail systems throughout the world are beginning to use GNSS to track the movement of locomotives, rail cars, maintenance vehicles, and wayside equipment in real time. When combined with other sensors, computers, and communications systems, GNSS improves rail safety, security, and operational effectiveness. The technology helps reduce accidents, delays and operating costs while increasing track capacity, customer satisfaction and cost effectiveness<ref name="gpsgov" >[http://www.gps.gov/applications/rail/ GPS.gov Portal], Rail Applications</ref>.
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	Thus, while the number of applications based on GNSS is considerably behind the number of those used in other domains, such as road transport, incorporating GNSS receivers into modern signaling, train control and other railway systems has become common.<ref name="p1" />		Thus, while the number of applications based on GNSS is considerably behind the number of those used in other domains, such as road transport, incorporating GNSS receivers into modern signaling, train control and other railway systems has become common.<ref name="p1" />

	Detailed information about Traffic Management and Signaling can be found [[~~Work in Progress:~~Traffic Management and Signaling\|here]].		Detailed information about Traffic Management and Signaling can be found [[Traffic Management and Signaling\|here]].

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

Timo.Kouwenhoven: Text replace - "|Level=Medium" to "|Level=Intermediate"

2011-11-06T07:46:26Z

Text replace - "|Level=Medium" to "|Level=Intermediate"

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	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	\|Logo=GMV		\|Logo=GMV

Timo.Kouwenhoven: Text replace - "|Authors=GMV." to "|Authors=GMV"

2011-11-01T13:50:11Z

Text replace - "|Authors=GMV." to "|Authors=GMV"

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	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011

Rui.Pereira: moved Work in Progress:Rail Applications to Rail Applications over redirect

2011-06-30T12:51:00Z

moved Work in Progress:Rail Applications to Rail Applications over redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:51, 30 June 2011
(No difference)

Rui.Pereira at 10:43, 29 June 2011

2011-06-29T10:43:54Z

Rui.Pereira at 11:41, 18 May 2011

2011-05-18T11:41:56Z

Duarte.Sampaio: /* Overview of Rail Applications */

2011-05-17T16:05:52Z

Overview of Rail Applications

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 17 May 2011
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	== Overview of Rail Applications ==		== Overview of Rail Applications ==

			[[File:Train_400.jpg\|right\|thumb\|350px\|Rail Applications]]

	The benefits emerged by the use of GNSS in rail applications are the following:<ref name="gpsgov" />		The benefits emerged by the use of GNSS in rail applications are the following:<ref name="gpsgov" />
	* The increasing of situational awareness for trains safety.		* The increasing of situational awareness for trains safety.

Timo.Kouwenhoven at 12:15, 17 May 2011

2011-05-17T12:15:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 29 June 2011
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	Rail systems throughout the world are beginning to use GNSS to track the movement of locomotives, rail cars, maintenance vehicles, and wayside equipment in real time. When combined with other sensors, computers, and communications systems, GNSS improves rail safety, security, and operational effectiveness. The technology helps reduce accidents, delays and operating costs while increasing track capacity, customer satisfaction and cost effectiveness<ref name="gpsgov" >[http://www.gps.gov/applications/rail/ GPS.gov Portal], Rail Applications</ref>.		Rail systems throughout the world are beginning to use GNSS to track the movement of locomotives, rail cars, maintenance vehicles, and wayside equipment in real time. When combined with other sensors, computers, and communications systems, GNSS improves rail safety, security, and operational effectiveness. The technology helps reduce accidents, delays and operating costs while increasing track capacity, customer satisfaction and cost effectiveness<ref name="gpsgov" >[http://www.gps.gov/applications/rail/ GPS.gov Portal], Rail Applications</ref>.

	The railway domain could considerably profit from the implementation of autonomous on-board positioning systems. Especially for local and regional railway lines, there are various possible applications which could enable a cost-effective ~~modernisation~~ and increase of efficiency.		The railway domain could considerably profit from the implementation of autonomous on-board positioning systems. Especially for local and regional railway lines, there are various possible applications which could enable a cost-effective modernization and increase of efficiency.
	However, train control poses high demands on positioning with respect to availability, reliability and integrity. These requirements can only be fulfilled by means of integrated positioning systems which combine GNSS with other sensors.<ref name="ESA" >[http://www.esa.int/esaMI/Navigation_Applications/SEMNRFEVL2F_0.html ESA Portal], Rail Applications</ref>		However, train control poses high demands on positioning with respect to availability, reliability and integrity. These requirements can only be fulfilled by means of integrated positioning systems which combine GNSS with other sensors.<ref name="ESA" >[http://www.esa.int/esaMI/Navigation_Applications/SEMNRFEVL2F_0.html ESA Portal], Rail Applications</ref>

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	=== Safety-critical Applications ===		=== Safety-critical Applications ===
	Safety-critical applications include e.g. train control and ~~signalling~~, which in Europe have been subjects to a standardization process in recent years in order to improve interoperability.		Safety-critical applications include e.g. train control and signaling, which in Europe have been subjects to a standardization process in recent years in order to improve interoperability.

	In particular, an European standard for train control, ~~signalling~~ and traffic management called the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is emerging. This standard includes two layers that can rely on satellite navigation: the European Train Control System (ETCS) and the European Traffic Management Layer (ETML).<ref name="p1">[http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/jotmi/v4n3/art05.pdf Inventions Utilizing Satellite Navigation Systems in the Railway Industry], An Analysis of Patenting Activity, Pekka Salmi and Marko Torkkeli, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, October, 2009</ref>		In particular, an European standard for train control, signaling and traffic management called the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is emerging. This standard includes two layers that can rely on satellite navigation: the European Train Control System (ETCS) and the European Traffic Management Layer (ETML).<ref name="p1">[http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/jotmi/v4n3/art05.pdf Inventions Utilizing Satellite Navigation Systems in the Railway Industry], An Analysis of Patenting Activity, Pekka Salmi and Marko Torkkeli, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, October, 2009</ref>

	Other safety-critical examples where accurate positioning data provided by GNSS can be used are the rail track surveying, which enable real-time performance monitoring contribute significantly to safety since they allow quicker detection of defects than traditional methods which are based on separate periodical track inspections.		Other safety-critical examples where accurate positioning data provided by GNSS can be used are the rail track surveying, which enable real-time performance monitoring contribute significantly to safety since they allow quicker detection of defects than traditional methods which are based on separate periodical track inspections.

	Finally, the use of GNSS data in assisting car body tilt control, allows tilting trains to negotiate sharp curves at higher speed (thereby enabling shorter ~~travelling~~ times) and with less centrifugal force inside a car. Detecting the accurate running position is essential here and traditionally it has been calculated by monitoring the number of wheel revolutions and using the ground coils installed on the track as position reference points. However, GNSS-based systems have been recently developed which allow a positioning accuracy equal to or higher than the conventional system.<ref name="p1"/>		Finally, the use of GNSS data in assisting car body tilt control, allows tilting trains to negotiate sharp curves at higher speed (thereby enabling shorter traveling times) and with less centrifugal force inside a car. Detecting the accurate running position is essential here and traditionally it has been calculated by monitoring the number of wheel revolutions and using the ground coils installed on the track as position reference points. However, GNSS-based systems have been recently developed which allow a positioning accuracy equal to or higher than the conventional system.<ref name="p1"/>

	=== Non-safety-critical Applications ===		=== Non-safety-critical Applications ===
	Non-safety-critical applications, in turn, are mainly related to fleet management, goods tracking and other logistic information management. The ability to effectively track the location of goods and to estimate their delivery times is indeed as important in railway sector as in other modes of transportation. On the other hand, GNSS-based fleet management will also help to improve the performance of passenger transportation. Providing up-to-date information about the arrival and departure times of trains, especially when there are delays, is an essential part of good service.<ref name="p1"/>		Non-safety-critical applications, in turn, are mainly related to fleet management, goods tracking and other logistic information management. The ability to effectively track the location of goods and to estimate their delivery times is indeed as important in railway sector as in other modes of transportation. On the other hand, GNSS-based fleet management will also help to improve the performance of passenger transportation. Providing up-to-date information about the arrival and departure times of trains, especially when there are delays, is an essential part of good service.<ref name="p1"/>

	== Traffic Management and ~~Signalling~~ ==		== Traffic Management and Signaling ==
	Train control systems poses high demands on positioning with respect to availability, reliability and integrity. These requirements can only be fulfilled by means of integrated positioning systems, which combine GNSS with other sensors.		Train control systems poses high demands on positioning with respect to availability, reliability and integrity. These requirements can only be fulfilled by means of integrated positioning systems, which combine GNSS with other sensors.

	The use of GNSS in railway systems presents many advantages, in particular the monitoring of train's exact location, logistic information management, enhanced train signaling (which improves safety, but also enables e.g. reduced distances between trains and therefore increased train frequencies), and the possibility to map the transport infrastructure.<ref name="p1" />		The use of GNSS in railway systems presents many advantages, in particular the monitoring of the train exact location, logistic information management, enhanced train signaling (which improves safety, but also enables e.g. reduced distances between trains and therefore increased train frequencies), and the possibility to map the transport infrastructure.<ref name="p1" />

	Thus, while the number of applications based on GNSS is considerably behind the number of those used in other domains, such as road transport, incorporating GNSS receivers into modern ~~signalling~~, train control and other railway systems has become common.<ref name="p1" />		Thus, while the number of applications based on GNSS is considerably behind the number of those used in other domains, such as road transport, incorporating GNSS receivers into modern signaling, train control and other railway systems has become common.<ref name="p1" />

	Detailed information about Traffic Management and ~~Signalling~~ can be found [[Traffic Management and ~~Signalling~~\|here]].		Detailed information about Traffic Management and Signaling can be found [[Work in Progress:Traffic Management and Signaling\|here]].

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 18 May 2011
Line 7:		Line 7:
	\|Logo=GMV		\|Logo=GMV
	}}		}}
	Rail systems throughout the world are beginning to use GNSS to track the movement of locomotives, rail cars, maintenance vehicles, and wayside equipment in real time. When combined with other sensors, computers, and communications systems, ~~GNNS~~ improves rail safety, security, and operational effectiveness. The technology helps reduce accidents, delays, and operating costs, while increasing track capacity, customer satisfaction, and cost effectiveness.<ref name="gpsgov" >[http://www.gps.gov/applications/rail/ GPS.gov Portal], Rail Applications</ref>		Rail systems throughout the world are beginning to use GNSS to track the movement of locomotives, rail cars, maintenance vehicles, and wayside equipment in real time. When combined with other sensors, computers, and communications systems, GNSS improves rail safety, security, and operational effectiveness. The technology helps reduce accidents, delays and operating costs while increasing track capacity, customer satisfaction and cost effectiveness<ref name="gpsgov" >[http://www.gps.gov/applications/rail/ GPS.gov Portal], Rail Applications</ref>.

	The railway domain could considerably profit from the implementation of autonomous on-board positioning systems. Especially for local and regional railway lines, there are various possible applications which could enable a cost-effective modernisation and increase of efficiency.		The railway domain could considerably profit from the implementation of autonomous on-board positioning systems. Especially for local and regional railway lines, there are various possible applications which could enable a cost-effective modernisation and increase of efficiency.
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	[[File:Train_400.jpg\|right\|thumb\|350px\|Rail Applications]]		[[File:Train_400.jpg\|right\|thumb\|350px\|Rail Applications]]

	The benefits ~~emerged by~~ the use of GNSS in rail applications are the following:<ref name="gpsgov" />		The benefits of the use of GNSS in rail applications are the following:<ref name="gpsgov" />
	* The increasing of situational awareness for trains safety.		* The increasing of situational awareness for trains safety.
	* The increasing of situational awareness for maintenance crews.		* The increasing of situational awareness for maintenance crews.
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	=== Safety-critical Applications ===		=== Safety-critical Applications ===
	Safety-critical applications include e.g. train control and ~~signaling~~, which in Europe have been subjects to a standardization process in recent years in order to improve interoperability.		Safety-critical applications include e.g. train control and signalling, which in Europe have been subjects to a standardization process in recent years in order to improve interoperability.

	In particular, an European standard for train control, ~~signaling~~ and traffic management called the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), is emerging. This standard includes two layers that can rely on satellite navigation: the European Train Control System (ETCS) and the European Traffic Management Layer (ETML).<ref name="p1">[http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/jotmi/v4n3/art05.pdf Inventions Utilizing Satellite Navigation Systems in the Railway Industry], An Analysis of Patenting Activity, Pekka Salmi and Marko Torkkeli, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, October, 2009</ref>		In particular, an European standard for train control, signalling and traffic management called the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is emerging. This standard includes two layers that can rely on satellite navigation: the European Train Control System (ETCS) and the European Traffic Management Layer (ETML).<ref name="p1">[http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/jotmi/v4n3/art05.pdf Inventions Utilizing Satellite Navigation Systems in the Railway Industry], An Analysis of Patenting Activity, Pekka Salmi and Marko Torkkeli, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, October, 2009</ref>

	Other safety-critical examples where accurate positioning data provided by GNSS can be used are the rail track surveying, which enable real-time performance monitoring contribute significantly to safety since they allow quicker detection of defects than traditional methods which are based on separate periodical track inspections.		Other safety-critical examples where accurate positioning data provided by GNSS can be used are the rail track surveying, which enable real-time performance monitoring contribute significantly to safety since they allow quicker detection of defects than traditional methods which are based on separate periodical track inspections.

	Finally, the use of GNSS data in assisting car body tilt control, allows tilting trains to negotiate sharp curves at higher speed (thereby enabling shorter ~~traveling~~ times) and with less centrifugal force inside a car. Detecting the accurate running position is essential here and traditionally it has been calculated by monitoring the number of wheel revolutions and using the ground coils installed on the track as position reference points. However, GNSS-based systems have been recently developed which allow a positioning accuracy equal to or higher than the conventional system.<ref name="p1"/>		Finally, the use of GNSS data in assisting car body tilt control, allows tilting trains to negotiate sharp curves at higher speed (thereby enabling shorter travelling times) and with less centrifugal force inside a car. Detecting the accurate running position is essential here and traditionally it has been calculated by monitoring the number of wheel revolutions and using the ground coils installed on the track as position reference points. However, GNSS-based systems have been recently developed which allow a positioning accuracy equal to or higher than the conventional system.<ref name="p1"/>

	=== Non-safety-critical Applications ===		=== Non-safety-critical Applications ===
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	The use of GNSS in railway systems presents many advantages, in particular the monitoring of train's exact location, logistic information management, enhanced train signaling (which improves safety, but also enables e.g. reduced distances between trains and therefore increased train frequencies), and the possibility to map the transport infrastructure.<ref name="p1" />		The use of GNSS in railway systems presents many advantages, in particular the monitoring of train's exact location, logistic information management, enhanced train signaling (which improves safety, but also enables e.g. reduced distances between trains and therefore increased train frequencies), and the possibility to map the transport infrastructure.<ref name="p1" />

	Thus, while the number of applications based on GNSS is considerably behind the number of those used in other domains, such as road transport, incorporating GNSS receivers into modern ~~signaling~~, train control and other railway systems has become ~~usual~~.<ref name="p1" />		Thus, while the number of applications based on GNSS is considerably behind the number of those used in other domains, such as road transport, incorporating GNSS receivers into modern signalling, train control and other railway systems has become common.<ref name="p1" />

	Detailed information about Traffic Management and Signalling can be found [[Traffic Management and Signalling\|here]].		Detailed information about Traffic Management and Signalling can be found [[Traffic Management and Signalling\|here]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:15, 17 May 2011
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	\|Logo=GMV		\|Logo=GMV
	}}		}}

	Rail systems throughout the world are beginning to use GNSS to track the movement of locomotives, rail cars, maintenance vehicles, and wayside equipment in real time. When combined with other sensors, computers, and communications systems, GNNS improves rail safety, security, and operational effectiveness. The technology helps reduce accidents, delays, and operating costs, while increasing track capacity, customer satisfaction, and cost effectiveness.<ref name="gpsgov" >[http://www.gps.gov/applications/rail/ GPS.gov Portal], Rail Applications</ref>		Rail systems throughout the world are beginning to use GNSS to track the movement of locomotives, rail cars, maintenance vehicles, and wayside equipment in real time. When combined with other sensors, computers, and communications systems, GNNS improves rail safety, security, and operational effectiveness. The technology helps reduce accidents, delays, and operating costs, while increasing track capacity, customer satisfaction, and cost effectiveness.<ref name="gpsgov" >[http://www.gps.gov/applications/rail/ GPS.gov Portal], Rail Applications</ref>

	The railway domain could considerably profit from the implementation of autonomous on-board positioning systems. Especially for local and regional railway lines, there are various possible applications which could enable a cost-effective modernisation and increase of efficiency.		The railway domain could considerably profit from the implementation of autonomous on-board positioning systems. Especially for local and regional railway lines, there are various possible applications which could enable a cost-effective modernisation and increase of efficiency.
	However, train control poses high demands on positioning with respect to availability, reliability and integrity. These requirements can only be fulfilled by means of integrated positioning systems which combine GNSS with other sensors.<ref name="ESA" >[http://www.esa.int/esaMI/Navigation_Applications/SEMNRFEVL2F_0.html ESA Portal], Rail Applications</ref>		However, train control poses high demands on positioning with respect to availability, reliability and integrity. These requirements can only be fulfilled by means of integrated positioning systems which combine GNSS with other sensors.<ref name="ESA" >[http://www.esa.int/esaMI/Navigation_Applications/SEMNRFEVL2F_0.html ESA Portal], Rail Applications</ref>


	== Overview of Rail Applications ==		== Overview of Rail Applications ==

	The benefits emerged by the use of GNSS in rail applications are the following:<ref name="gpsgov" />		The benefits emerged by the use of GNSS in rail applications are the following:<ref name="gpsgov" />
	* The increasing of situational awareness for trains safety.		* The increasing of situational awareness for trains safety.
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	=== Safety-critical Applications ===		=== Safety-critical Applications ===

	Safety-critical applications include e.g. train control and signaling, which in Europe have been subjects to a standardization process in recent years in order to improve interoperability.		Safety-critical applications include e.g. train control and signaling, which in Europe have been subjects to a standardization process in recent years in order to improve interoperability.

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	=== Non-safety-critical Applications ===		=== Non-safety-critical Applications ===

	Non-safety-critical applications, in turn, are mainly related to fleet management, goods tracking and other logistic information management. The ability to effectively track the location of goods and to estimate their delivery times is indeed as important in railway sector as in other modes of transportation. On the other hand, GNSS-based fleet management will also help to improve the performance of passenger transportation. Providing up-to-date information about the arrival and departure times of trains, especially when there are delays, is an essential part of good service.<ref name="p1"/>		Non-safety-critical applications, in turn, are mainly related to fleet management, goods tracking and other logistic information management. The ability to effectively track the location of goods and to estimate their delivery times is indeed as important in railway sector as in other modes of transportation. On the other hand, GNSS-based fleet management will also help to improve the performance of passenger transportation. Providing up-to-date information about the arrival and departure times of trains, especially when there are delays, is an essential part of good service.<ref name="p1"/>


	== Traffic Management and Signalling ==		== Traffic Management and Signalling ==

	Train control systems poses high demands on positioning with respect to availability, reliability and integrity. These requirements can only be fulfilled by means of integrated positioning systems, which combine GNSS with other sensors.		Train control systems poses high demands on positioning with respect to availability, reliability and integrity. These requirements can only be fulfilled by means of integrated positioning systems, which combine GNSS with other sensors.