Precise Time Reference - Revision history

Claudia.Prajanu at 20:39, 16 September 2018

2018-09-16T20:39:29Z

Filipe.Pelica: Included editor logo.

2014-09-18T16:27:37Z

Included editor logo.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:27, 18 September 2014
Line 4:		Line 4:
	\|Level=Intermediate		\|Level=Intermediate
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
			\|Logo=GMV
	\|Title={{PAGENAME}}		\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
	}}		}}

Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-09-12T14:38:03Z

fixed broken link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 12 September 2014
Line 42:		Line 42:
	The latest technologies for electronic encryption, signature and time-stamping rely on highly precise time references – at performance levels obtainable only from atomic clocks – so they are not affordable to mass-market users. The spread of the use of GNSS as a timing service enables the secure transmission via inexpensive terminals, thus bringing data security within the reach of us all<ref name="Finantial">[http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app05.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Finance, Banking, Insurance Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.		The latest technologies for electronic encryption, signature and time-stamping rely on highly precise time references – at performance levels obtainable only from atomic clocks – so they are not affordable to mass-market users. The spread of the use of GNSS as a timing service enables the secure transmission via inexpensive terminals, thus bringing data security within the reach of us all<ref name="Finantial">[http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app05.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Finance, Banking, Insurance Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.

	These encryption, electronic signatures and time-stamping technologies can be used for securing and authenticate electronic documentation that has become an effective alternative to paper. Many applications for electronic documentation can be enabled by the use of GNSS technology for encryption, electronic signature and time-stamping<ref name="Finantial"/>. Such approach is already being used in the financial sector where security, data integrity, authenticity and confidentiality depend on the accurate timestamps that can be enabled by GNSS<ref>[http://www.gppq.~~mctes~~.pt/brochuras/~~online~~/EuropeanGNSSProgrammes.pdf Europe’s Satellite Navigation Programmes - Galileo and EGNOS], GSA, 2008</ref>		These encryption, electronic signatures and time-stamping technologies can be used for securing and authenticate electronic documentation that has become an effective alternative to paper. Many applications for electronic documentation can be enabled by the use of GNSS technology for encryption, electronic signature and time-stamping<ref name="Finantial"/>. Such approach is already being used in the financial sector where security, data integrity, authenticity and confidentiality depend on the accurate timestamps that can be enabled by GNSS<ref>[http://www.gppq.fct.pt/h2020/_docs/brochuras/transportes/EuropeanGNSSProgrammes.pdf Europe’s Satellite Navigation Programmes - Galileo and EGNOS], GSA, 2008</ref>

	== Application Examples ==		== Application Examples ==

Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-09-09T13:09:15Z

fixed broken link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:09, 9 September 2014
Line 40:		Line 40:
	=== Data encryption and security ===		=== Data encryption and security ===

	The latest technologies for electronic encryption, signature and time-stamping rely on highly precise time references – at performance levels obtainable only from atomic clocks – so they are not affordable to mass-market users. The spread of the use of GNSS as a timing service enables the secure transmission via inexpensive terminals, thus bringing data security within the reach of us all<ref name="Finantial">[http://~~www~~.~~galileoic~~.~~org~~/la/~~files~~/~~Finantial~~.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Finance, Banking, Insurance Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.		The latest technologies for electronic encryption, signature and time-stamping rely on highly precise time references – at performance levels obtainable only from atomic clocks – so they are not affordable to mass-market users. The spread of the use of GNSS as a timing service enables the secure transmission via inexpensive terminals, thus bringing data security within the reach of us all<ref name="Finantial">[http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app05.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Finance, Banking, Insurance Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.

	These encryption, electronic signatures and time-stamping technologies can be used for securing and authenticate electronic documentation that has become an effective alternative to paper. Many applications for electronic documentation can be enabled by the use of GNSS technology for encryption, electronic signature and time-stamping<ref name="Finantial"/>. Such approach is already being used in the financial sector where security, data integrity, authenticity and confidentiality depend on the accurate timestamps that can be enabled by GNSS<ref>[http://www.gppq.mctes.pt/brochuras/online/EuropeanGNSSProgrammes.pdf Europe’s Satellite Navigation Programmes - Galileo and EGNOS], GSA, 2008</ref>		These encryption, electronic signatures and time-stamping technologies can be used for securing and authenticate electronic documentation that has become an effective alternative to paper. Many applications for electronic documentation can be enabled by the use of GNSS technology for encryption, electronic signature and time-stamping<ref name="Finantial"/>. Such approach is already being used in the financial sector where security, data integrity, authenticity and confidentiality depend on the accurate timestamps that can be enabled by GNSS<ref>[http://www.gppq.mctes.pt/brochuras/online/EuropeanGNSSProgrammes.pdf Europe’s Satellite Navigation Programmes - Galileo and EGNOS], GSA, 2008</ref>

Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-09-09T13:07:54Z

fixed broken link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:07, 9 September 2014
Line 34:		Line 34:
	=== Communication networks ===		=== Communication networks ===

	New digital technologies and value-added time-sensitive services (real-time video, video conferencing, bank-to-bank encrypted exchange) need reliable network architectures (GSM, UMTS, Internet, ATM). Subscriber growth and consumer demand are driving the operators to emphasize quality, reliability and breadth of services. It is therefore imperative that network timing is addressed and that synchronization problems are solved. GNSS can provide high-precision timing and frequency information without the need to invest in expensive atomic clocks<ref name="Telecom">[http://~~www~~.~~galileoic~~.~~org~~/la/~~files~~/~~Telecom~~.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Telecommunications Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.		New digital technologies and value-added time-sensitive services (real-time video, video conferencing, bank-to-bank encrypted exchange) need reliable network architectures (GSM, UMTS, Internet, ATM). Subscriber growth and consumer demand are driving the operators to emphasize quality, reliability and breadth of services. It is therefore imperative that network timing is addressed and that synchronization problems are solved. GNSS can provide high-precision timing and frequency information without the need to invest in expensive atomic clocks<ref name="Telecom">[http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app06.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Telecommunications Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.

	Also satellite-navigation techniques could improve the communication capacity of networks. This is especially relevant for the UMTS third-generation using CDMA techniques. A precise time-synchronization of the different base stations (the UMTS emitter-antennas) can significantly increase the traffic capability of the system. GNSS can be a reliable tool not only for positioning but also for timing. It provides the mobile communications operator with a reliable and precise tool for increasing their network performance<ref name="Telecom"/>.		Also satellite-navigation techniques could improve the communication capacity of networks. This is especially relevant for the UMTS third-generation using CDMA techniques. A precise time-synchronization of the different base stations (the UMTS emitter-antennas) can significantly increase the traffic capability of the system. GNSS can be a reliable tool not only for positioning but also for timing. It provides the mobile communications operator with a reliable and precise tool for increasing their network performance<ref name="Telecom"/>.

Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-09-09T13:06:06Z

fixed broken link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:06, 9 September 2014
Line 28:		Line 28:
	=== Network synchronization for power generation and distribution ===		=== Network synchronization for power generation and distribution ===

	The growing integration of networks for energy distribution and the emphasis on energy savings and efficiency require increasingly precise and accurate synchronization. GNSS can provide the synchronization to achieve efficient power flow. For example, measurements of perturbations must be time-tagged with errors of less than 0.001 sec. Moreover, the management of high-power generators, such as large turbo gas and large steam turbines, requires strict timing<ref name="Energy">[http://~~www~~.~~galileoic~~.~~org~~/la/~~files~~/~~Energy~~.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Energy Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.		The growing integration of networks for energy distribution and the emphasis on energy savings and efficiency require increasingly precise and accurate synchronization. GNSS can provide the synchronization to achieve efficient power flow. For example, measurements of perturbations must be time-tagged with errors of less than 0.001 sec. Moreover, the management of high-power generators, such as large turbo gas and large steam turbines, requires strict timing<ref name="Energy">[http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app03.pdf Galileo Application Sheet - Energy Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.

	Electrical energy is not easily stored and, in the case of malfunctions, current or voltage surges propagate along the lines. There is a tremendous potential for cost savings through the reliable remote reading of meters. Surges are sometimes large enough to damage line equipment and cause long interruptions in service. For tracing the origin of the problem and deciding on what action to take, time-tagging the individual events is mandatory. With time synchronization at the microsecond level, the fault can be located to within 300 m – the distance between power line towers<ref name="Energy"/>.		Electrical energy is not easily stored and, in the case of malfunctions, current or voltage surges propagate along the lines. There is a tremendous potential for cost savings through the reliable remote reading of meters. Surges are sometimes large enough to damage line equipment and cause long interruptions in service. For tracing the origin of the problem and deciding on what action to take, time-tagging the individual events is mandatory. With time synchronization at the microsecond level, the fault can be located to within 300 m – the distance between power line towers<ref name="Energy"/>.

Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link

2014-05-29T10:50:22Z

fixed broken link

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:50, 29 May 2014
Line 20:		Line 20:
	The receiver's clocks, however, are small quartz oscillators like those found in a wristwatch. Quartz oscillators are very accurate when measuring times of less than a few seconds, but rather inaccurate over longer periods. The solution is to re-set the receiver’s time to the satellite’s time continuously. This is done by the receiver’s processor using an approximation method involving signals from at least four satellites<ref name="About"/>.		The receiver's clocks, however, are small quartz oscillators like those found in a wristwatch. Quartz oscillators are very accurate when measuring times of less than a few seconds, but rather inaccurate over longer periods. The solution is to re-set the receiver’s time to the satellite’s time continuously. This is done by the receiver’s processor using an approximation method involving signals from at least four satellites<ref name="About"/>.

	The accuracy achieved by GNSS-based time synchronization using [[GPS General Introduction\|GPS]] is <40 ns 95% of time<ref name="SPS-Standard ">[http://~~pnt~~.gov/~~public~~/~~docs~~/2008~~/spsps2008~~.pdf Global Positioning System Standard Positioning Service Performance Standard]</ref>.		The accuracy achieved by GNSS-based time synchronization using [[GPS General Introduction\|GPS]] is <40 ns 95% of time<ref name="SPS-Standard ">[http://www.gps.gov/technical/ps/2008-SPS-performance-standard.pdf Global Positioning System Standard Positioning Service Performance Standard]</ref>.

	== Application Characterization ==		== Application Characterization ==

Teresa.Ferreira at 10:52, 12 April 2012

2012-04-12T10:52:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 12 April 2012
Line 50:		Line 50:
	* '''Clock Synchronization''' - Synchronized clocks across network, organization or territory.		* '''Clock Synchronization''' - Synchronized clocks across network, organization or territory.
	* '''Data Encryption and Security''' - Provide accurate and secure encryption, signature and time-stamping for electronic documents and data.		* '''Data Encryption and Security''' - Provide accurate and secure encryption, signature and time-stamping for electronic documents and data.
	* '''Network Synchronization''' - Precise time across computer networks enhancing application performance, communication protocols performance and security across the network (e.g. acting as a reference for NTP<ref>www.ntp.org</ref> time servers.		* '''Network Synchronization''' - Precise time across computer networks enhancing application performance, communication protocols performance and security across the network (e.g. acting as a reference for NTP<ref>[http://www.ntp.org Network Time Protocol]</ref> time servers).
	* '''Power Network Synchronization''' - Troubleshooting in power networks benefit from a synchronous time source in the logging of events.		* '''Power Network Synchronization''' - Troubleshooting in power networks benefit from a synchronous time source in the logging of events.
	* '''Telecom Synchronization''' - Communication protocols and networks benefit from precise synchronization and timing.		* '''Telecom Synchronization''' - Communication protocols and networks benefit from precise synchronization and timing.

Teresa.Ferreira: /* Application Examples */

2012-04-12T10:48:59Z

Application Examples

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 12 April 2012
Line 50:		Line 50:
	* '''Clock Synchronization''' - Synchronized clocks across network, organization or territory.		* '''Clock Synchronization''' - Synchronized clocks across network, organization or territory.
	* '''Data Encryption and Security''' - Provide accurate and secure encryption, signature and time-stamping for electronic documents and data.		* '''Data Encryption and Security''' - Provide accurate and secure encryption, signature and time-stamping for electronic documents and data.
	* '''Network Synchronization''' - Precise time across computer networks enhancing application performance, communication protocols performance and security across the network.		* '''Network Synchronization''' - Precise time across computer networks enhancing application performance, communication protocols performance and security across the network (e.g. acting as a reference for NTP<ref>www.ntp.org</ref> time servers.
	* '''Power Network Synchronization''' - Troubleshooting in power networks benefit from a synchronous time source in the logging of events.		* '''Power Network Synchronization''' - Troubleshooting in power networks benefit from a synchronous time source in the logging of events.
	* '''Telecom Synchronization''' - Communication protocols and networks benefit from precise synchronization and timing.		* '''Telecom Synchronization''' - Communication protocols and networks benefit from precise synchronization and timing.

Carlos.Lopez at 10:56, 23 February 2012

2012-02-23T10:56:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:56, 23 February 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Article Infobox2		{{Article Infobox2
	\|Category=Applications		\|Category=Applications
	\|~~Title={{PAGENAME}}~~		\|Editors=GMV
	~~\|Authors~~=GMV
	\|Level=Intermediate		\|Level=Intermediate
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	\|~~Logo~~=~~GMV~~		\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
	}}		}}

	GNSS technologies have a design dependence on accurate timing. The resolution of positioning equations depend on the accurate timestamping of GNSS messages and the four variables resolved by positioning equations are: time plus the 3D position coordinates. Each navigation satellite has atomic clocks that are synchronized from a master clock on the ground and the navigation messages are timestamped with the transmission time of the signal.		GNSS technologies have a design dependence on accurate timing. The resolution of positioning equations depend on the accurate timestamping of GNSS messages and the four variables resolved by positioning equations are: time plus the 3D position coordinates. Each navigation satellite has atomic clocks that are synchronized from a master clock on the ground and the navigation messages are timestamped with the transmission time of the signal.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 16 September 2018
Line 5:		Line 5:
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	\|Logo=GMV		\|Logo=GMV
	~~\|Title={{PAGENAME}}~~
	}}		}}
	GNSS technologies have a design dependence on accurate timing. The resolution of positioning equations depend on the accurate timestamping of GNSS messages and the four variables resolved by positioning equations are: time plus the 3D position coordinates. Each navigation satellite has atomic clocks that are synchronized from a master clock on the ground and the navigation messages are timestamped with the transmission time of the signal.		GNSS technologies have a design dependence on accurate timing. The resolution of positioning equations depend on the accurate timestamping of GNSS messages and the four variables resolved by positioning equations are: time plus the 3D position coordinates. Each navigation satellite has atomic clocks that are synchronized from a master clock on the ground and the navigation messages are timestamped with the transmission time of the signal.
Line 13:		Line 12:
	== Application Architecture ==		== Application Architecture ==
	[[File:Passive hydrogen maser clock.jpg\|right\|thumb\|350px\|Passive Hydrogen Maser Clock]]		[[File:Passive hydrogen maser clock.jpg\|right\|thumb\|350px\|Passive Hydrogen Maser Clock]]
	Navigation satellites have extremely precise atomic clocks on board. Atomic clocks use the oscillations of a particular atom as their “metronome”. This form of timing is the most stable and accurate reference that has ever been developed<ref name="Atomic">[http://~~www~~.esa.int/~~esaCP/SEMDG8ADFZD_Improving_0.html~~ Atomic clocks for Galileo] ESA Portal, September 2004</ref>.		Navigation satellites have extremely precise atomic clocks on board. Atomic clocks use the oscillations of a particular atom as their “metronome”. This form of timing is the most stable and accurate reference that has ever been developed<ref name="Atomic">[http://m.esa.int/ESA Atomic clocks for Galileo] ESA Portal, September 2004</ref>.

	The operation of satellite navigations systems is based on the method of triangulation. Knowing the distance from at least three points (i.e. three satellites), the receiver on the ground can calculate its position. The distances are calculated by measuring the time that a certain signal, known to the receiver and transmitted by the satellite, takes to travel the distance between the satellite and the user. Each signal contains information on the time reference of the atomic clock on board the satellite and information on the satellite’s orbit. This allows the user to determine the position of the satellite and his own distance from it with a high degree of accuracy<ref name="Atomic"/>.		The operation of satellite navigations systems is based on the method of triangulation. Knowing the distance from at least three points (i.e. three satellites), the receiver on the ground can calculate its position. The distances are calculated by measuring the time that a certain signal, known to the receiver and transmitted by the satellite, takes to travel the distance between the satellite and the user. Each signal contains information on the time reference of the atomic clock on board the satellite and information on the satellite’s orbit. This allows the user to determine the position of the satellite and his own distance from it with a high degree of accuracy<ref name="Atomic"/>.
Line 29:		Line 28:
	=== Network synchronization for power generation and distribution ===		=== Network synchronization for power generation and distribution ===

	The growing integration of networks for energy distribution and the emphasis on energy savings and efficiency require increasingly precise and accurate synchronization. GNSS can provide the synchronization to achieve efficient power flow. For example, measurements of perturbations must be time-tagged with errors of less than 0.001 sec. Moreover, the management of high-power generators, such as large turbo gas and large steam turbines, requires strict timing<ref name="Energy">[~~http~~://ec.europa.eu/~~dgs~~/~~energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app03.pdf~~ Galileo Application Sheet - Energy Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.		The growing integration of networks for energy distribution and the emphasis on energy savings and efficiency require increasingly precise and accurate synchronization. GNSS can provide the synchronization to achieve efficient power flow. For example, measurements of perturbations must be time-tagged with errors of less than 0.001 sec. Moreover, the management of high-power generators, such as large turbo gas and large steam turbines, requires strict timing<ref name="Energy">[https://ec.europa.eu/commission/index_en Galileo Application Sheet - Energy Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.

	Electrical energy is not easily stored and, in the case of malfunctions, current or voltage surges propagate along the lines. There is a tremendous potential for cost savings through the reliable remote reading of meters. Surges are sometimes large enough to damage line equipment and cause long interruptions in service. For tracing the origin of the problem and deciding on what action to take, time-tagging the individual events is mandatory. With time synchronization at the microsecond level, the fault can be located to within 300 m – the distance between power line towers<ref name="Energy"/>.		Electrical energy is not easily stored and, in the case of malfunctions, current or voltage surges propagate along the lines. There is a tremendous potential for cost savings through the reliable remote reading of meters. Surges are sometimes large enough to damage line equipment and cause long interruptions in service. For tracing the origin of the problem and deciding on what action to take, time-tagging the individual events is mandatory. With time synchronization at the microsecond level, the fault can be located to within 300 m – the distance between power line towers<ref name="Energy"/>.
Line 35:		Line 34:
	=== Communication networks ===		=== Communication networks ===

	New digital technologies and value-added time-sensitive services (real-time video, video conferencing, bank-to-bank encrypted exchange) need reliable network architectures (GSM, UMTS, Internet, ATM). Subscriber growth and consumer demand are driving the operators to emphasize quality, reliability and breadth of services. It is therefore imperative that network timing is addressed and that synchronization problems are solved. GNSS can provide high-precision timing and frequency information without the need to invest in expensive atomic clocks<ref name="Telecom">[~~http~~://ec.europa.eu/~~dgs~~/~~energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app06.pdf~~ Galileo Application Sheet - Telecommunications Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.		New digital technologies and value-added time-sensitive services (real-time video, video conferencing, bank-to-bank encrypted exchange) need reliable network architectures (GSM, UMTS, Internet, ATM). Subscriber growth and consumer demand are driving the operators to emphasize quality, reliability and breadth of services. It is therefore imperative that network timing is addressed and that synchronization problems are solved. GNSS can provide high-precision timing and frequency information without the need to invest in expensive atomic clocks<ref name="Telecom">[https://ec.europa.eu/commission/index_en Galileo Application Sheet - Telecommunications Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.

	Also satellite-navigation techniques could improve the communication capacity of networks. This is especially relevant for the UMTS third-generation using CDMA techniques. A precise time-synchronization of the different base stations (the UMTS emitter-antennas) can significantly increase the traffic capability of the system. GNSS can be a reliable tool not only for positioning but also for timing. It provides the mobile communications operator with a reliable and precise tool for increasing their network performance<ref name="Telecom"/>.		Also satellite-navigation techniques could improve the communication capacity of networks. This is especially relevant for the UMTS third-generation using CDMA techniques. A precise time-synchronization of the different base stations (the UMTS emitter-antennas) can significantly increase the traffic capability of the system. GNSS can be a reliable tool not only for positioning but also for timing. It provides the mobile communications operator with a reliable and precise tool for increasing their network performance<ref name="Telecom"/>.
Line 41:		Line 40:
	=== Data encryption and security ===		=== Data encryption and security ===

	The latest technologies for electronic encryption, signature and time-stamping rely on highly precise time references – at performance levels obtainable only from atomic clocks – so they are not affordable to mass-market users. The spread of the use of GNSS as a timing service enables the secure transmission via inexpensive terminals, thus bringing data security within the reach of us all<ref name="Finantial">[~~http~~://ec.europa.eu/~~dgs~~/~~energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app05.pdf~~ Galileo Application Sheet - Finance, Banking, Insurance Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.		The latest technologies for electronic encryption, signature and time-stamping rely on highly precise time references – at performance levels obtainable only from atomic clocks – so they are not affordable to mass-market users. The spread of the use of GNSS as a timing service enables the secure transmission via inexpensive terminals, thus bringing data security within the reach of us all<ref name="Finantial">[https://ec.europa.eu/commission/index_en Galileo Application Sheet - Finance, Banking, Insurance Applications], ESA and European Commission, June 2002</ref>.

	These encryption, electronic signatures and time-stamping technologies can be used for securing and authenticate electronic documentation that has become an effective alternative to paper. Many applications for electronic documentation can be enabled by the use of GNSS technology for encryption, electronic signature and time-stamping<ref name="Finantial"/>. Such approach is already being used in the financial sector where security, data integrity, authenticity and confidentiality depend on the accurate timestamps that can be enabled by GNSS<ref>[http://www.gppq.fct.pt/h2020/_docs/brochuras/transportes/EuropeanGNSSProgrammes.pdf Europe’s Satellite Navigation Programmes - Galileo and EGNOS], GSA, 2008</ref>		These encryption, electronic signatures and time-stamping technologies can be used for securing and authenticate electronic documentation that has become an effective alternative to paper. Many applications for electronic documentation can be enabled by the use of GNSS technology for encryption, electronic signature and time-stamping<ref name="Finantial"/>. Such approach is already being used in the financial sector where security, data integrity, authenticity and confidentiality depend on the accurate timestamps that can be enabled by GNSS<ref>[http://www.gppq.fct.pt/h2020/_docs/brochuras/transportes/EuropeanGNSSProgrammes.pdf Europe’s Satellite Navigation Programmes - Galileo and EGNOS], GSA, 2008</ref>