Pedestrian Navigation - Revision history

Claudia.Prajanu at 20:39, 9 September 2018

2018-09-09T20:39:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 9 September 2018
Line 42:		Line 42:
	Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.		Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.

	Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the use of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com~~/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation~~/ The future of pedestrian navigation], Occipital, February 2009</ref>. In addition there are some ongoing studies aiming of creating simple indications that may help the users to easily understand how to reach a given destination. Two examples of those studies are the [[Step By Step Navigation#Direction Codes\|Direction Codes]] and [[Step By Step Navigation#Location Codes\|Location Codes]].		Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the use of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/ The future of pedestrian navigation], Occipital, February 2009</ref>. In addition there are some ongoing studies aiming of creating simple indications that may help the users to easily understand how to reach a given destination. Two examples of those studies are the [[Step By Step Navigation#Direction Codes\|Direction Codes]] and [[Step By Step Navigation#Location Codes\|Location Codes]].

	== Application Examples ==		== Application Examples ==

	Applications and services that fit in this category are<ref>[http://www.eetasia.com~~/ART_8800545489_499488_NT_72d6b5cc.HTM~~ Will pedestrian navigation take off?], EE Times Asia, September 2008</ref>:		Applications and services that fit in this category are<ref>[http://www.eetasia.com Will pedestrian navigation take off?], EE Times Asia, September 2008</ref>:
	* [http://www.navitime.com/ Journey Pro by Navitime]: Journey is pedestrian navigation application for [[Wikipedia:iPhone\|iPhone]] and [[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)\|Android]].		* [http://www.navitime.com/ Journey Pro by Navitime]: Journey is pedestrian navigation application for [[Wikipedia:iPhone\|iPhone]] and [[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)\|Android]].
	* [http://europe.nokia.com/support/product-support/maps-support Ovi Maps]: Nokia free navigation solution that supports pedestrian navigation in the Walk mode.		* [http://europe.nokia.com/support/product-support/maps-support Ovi Maps]: Nokia free navigation solution that supports pedestrian navigation in the Walk mode.

Filipe.Pelica: /* Application Characterization */

2013-07-24T15:44:12Z

Application Characterization

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:44, 24 July 2013
Line 42:		Line 42:
	Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.		Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.

	Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the use of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation], Occipital, February 2009</ref>.		Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the use of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation], Occipital, February 2009</ref>. In addition there are some ongoing studies aiming of creating simple indications that may help the users to easily understand how to reach a given destination. Two examples of those studies are the [[Step By Step Navigation#Direction Codes\|Direction Codes]] and [[Step By Step Navigation#Location Codes\|Location Codes]].

	== Application Examples ==		== Application Examples ==

Rui.Pereira at 14:26, 23 May 2011

2011-05-23T14:26:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:26, 23 May 2011
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	== Application Architecture ==		== Application Architecture ==
	Pedestrian Navigation applications are normally implemented using a standalone application running on a [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]]. This [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]] can be GNSS-enable [[Wikipedia:Mobile phone\|phone]] with multimedia capabilities or a custom [[Personal Navigation Device]].		Pedestrian Navigation applications are normally implemented using a standalone application running on a [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]]. This [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]] can be GNSS-enable [[Wikipedia:Mobile phone\|phone]] with multimedia capabilities or a custom [[Personal Navigation Devices\|Personal Navigation Device]].

	Normally the map and database of these applications are local although in some case the local application is supported by online services that provide database updates, additional dynamic data (such as weather) or even parts of the navigation functionality.		Normally the map and database of these applications are local although in some case the local application is supported by online services that provide database updates, additional dynamic data (such as weather) or even parts of the navigation functionality.
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	* [http://europe.nokia.com/support/product-support/maps-support Ovi Maps]: Nokia free navigation solution that supports pedestrian navigation in the Walk mode.		* [http://europe.nokia.com/support/product-support/maps-support Ovi Maps]: Nokia free navigation solution that supports pedestrian navigation in the Walk mode.
	* [http://www.google.com/mobile/maps/ Google Maps]: Google free map solution that supports pedestrian navigation including public transportation.		* [http://www.google.com/mobile/maps/ Google Maps]: Google free map solution that supports pedestrian navigation including public transportation.
	* [[Personal Navigation ~~Device~~\|Personal Navigation Devices]]: Most [[Road Applications\|road]] oriented [[Personal Navigation ~~Device~~\|personal navigations devices]] support pedestrian modes although usually the same maps and routing algorithms as for road navigation are used.		* [[Personal Navigation Devices\|Personal Navigation Devices]]: Most [[Road Applications\|road]] oriented [[Personal Navigation Devices\|personal navigations devices]] support pedestrian modes although usually the same maps and routing algorithms as for road navigation are used.

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

Rui.Pereira at 18:01, 8 April 2011

2011-04-08T18:01:40Z

Timo.Kouwenhoven at 12:14, 7 April 2011

2011-04-07T12:14:56Z

Rui.Pereira at 11:09, 7 April 2011

2011-04-07T11:09:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:09, 7 April 2011
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	Applications and services that fit in this category are<ref>[http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800545489_499488_NT_72d6b5cc.HTM Will pedestrian navigation take off?], EE Times Asia, September 2008</ref>:		Applications and services that fit in this category are<ref>[http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800545489_499488_NT_72d6b5cc.HTM Will pedestrian navigation take off?], EE Times Asia, September 2008</ref>:
	* ~~Journey Pro by Navitime<ref>~~[http://www.navitime.com/ Journey Pro by Navitime]~~</ref>~~: Journey is pedestrian navigation application for [[Wikipedia:iPhone\|iPhone]] and [[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)\|Android]].		* [http://www.navitime.com/ Journey Pro by Navitime]: Journey is pedestrian navigation application for [[Wikipedia:iPhone\|iPhone]] and [[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)\|Android]].
	* ~~Ovi Maps<ref>~~[http://europe.nokia.com/support/product-support/maps-support Ovi Maps]~~</ref>~~: Nokia free navigation solution that supports pedestrian navigation in the Walk mode.		* [http://europe.nokia.com/support/product-support/maps-support Ovi Maps]: Nokia free navigation solution that supports pedestrian navigation in the Walk mode.
	* ~~Google Maps<ref>~~[http://www.google.com/mobile/maps/ Google Maps]~~</ref>~~: Google free map solution that supports pedestrian navigation including public transportation.		* [http://www.google.com/mobile/maps/ Google Maps]: Google free map solution that supports pedestrian navigation including public transportation.
	* [[Personal Navigation Device\|Personal Navigation Devices]]: Most [[Road Applications\|road]] oriented [[Personal Navigation Device\|personal navigations devices]] support pedestrian modes although usually the same maps and routing algorithms as for road navigation are used.		* [[Personal Navigation Device\|Personal Navigation Devices]]: Most [[Road Applications\|road]] oriented [[Personal Navigation Device\|personal navigations devices]] support pedestrian modes although usually the same maps and routing algorithms as for road navigation are used.

Rui.Pereira at 11:08, 7 April 2011

2011-04-07T11:08:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:08, 7 April 2011
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	}}		}}

	Pedestrian Navigation consists in the navigation of pedestrians in urban environments. Pedestrian Navigation often combines walking directions with ~~routing using public transport~~ and even routing in indoor environments.		Pedestrian Navigation consists in the navigation of pedestrians in urban environments. Pedestrian Navigation often offers pedestrian specific maps and multimodal navigation that combines walking directions with all available modes of transportation and even routing in indoor environments<ref>[http://www.gpsdaily.com/reports/Mobile_Navigation_Services_Taking_Off_In_North_America_And_Europe_999.html Mobile Navigation Services Taking Off In North America And Europe], GPS Daily, October 2008</ref>.

	Pedestrian Navigation requires more complex maps and algorithms to provide an adequate navigation experience than [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] which is a simpler, much more predictable and contained environment.		Pedestrian Navigation requires more complex maps and algorithms to provide an adequate navigation experience than [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] which is a simpler, much more predictable and contained environment.
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	Pedestrian Navigation as been wrongly seen as a mode of [[Road Navigation]]. But the fact is that the environments where pedestrians move around are generally more difficult than the road environment. Pedestrians normally move in sidewalks where the buildings shadow the GNSS signals, in tree shadowed environments and in indoor tridimensional environments.		Pedestrian Navigation as been wrongly seen as a mode of [[Road Navigation]]. But the fact is that the environments where pedestrians move around are generally more difficult than the road environment. Pedestrians normally move in sidewalks where the buildings shadow the GNSS signals, in tree shadowed environments and in indoor tridimensional environments.

	These environments are much more difficult than [[Road Navigation]] that even in urban environments will have better satellite visibility. To support indoor navigation these application would have to support inertial sensors integration or other indoor navigation techniques<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com/node/513 Pedestrian Navigation Hybridization of MEMS and Assisted GPS], Inside GNSS, January 2007</ref>.		At present, satellite navigation based on GNSS and without the use of inertial systems, is not accurate enough to guide pedestrians, especially around cities. When few satellites are in view because of tall buildings, positioning accuracy can be little better than 30 to 40 m. Satellite based augmentation systems ([[EGNOS]], [[WAAS]]), however, improves the accuracy of GNSS positions to a few meters, making it sensitive enough to locate obstacles in the street<ref>[http://www.esa.int/esaNA/ESAKN58708D_index_0.html Space technology to help the blind], ESA Portal, December 2002</ref>.

			These environments are much more difficult than [[Road Navigation]] that even in urban environments will have better satellite visibility. To support indoor navigation these application would have to support inertial sensors integration or other indoor navigation techniques<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com/node/513 Pedestrian Navigation Hybridization of MEMS and Assisted GPS], Inside GNSS, January 2007</ref><ref>[http://spcomnav.uab.es/docs/conferences/spcomnav_iongnss08.pdf DINGPOS: A Hybrid Indoor Navigation Platform for GPS and GALILEO], J. A. López-Salcedo (UAB) , Y. Capelle (TAS-F), M. Toledo (GMV), G. Seco (UAB), J. López Vicario (UAB), D. Kubrak (TAS-F), M. Monnerat (TAS-F), A. Mark (GMV), D. Jiménez (ESA), ION GNSS 2008</ref>.

	In simplified pedestrian applications the maps used for [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] can be reused but this limits the degree of functionality that the application can provide. Pedestrians move in the sidewalks, not in the roads and can move more freely in the environment since they can use pedestrian streets or pathways and go across open areas.		In simplified pedestrian applications the maps used for [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] can be reused but this limits the degree of functionality that the application can provide. Pedestrians move in the sidewalks, not in the roads and can move more freely in the environment since they can use pedestrian streets or pathways and go across open areas.

Rui.Pereira at 01:14, 7 April 2011

2011-04-07T01:14:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:14, 7 April 2011
Line 37:		Line 37:


	== Application ~~Characterisation~~ ==		== Application Characterization ==

	Pedestrian Navigation as been wrongly seen as a mode of [[Road Navigation]]. But the fact is that the environments where pedestrians move around are generally more difficult than the road environment. Pedestrians normally move in sidewalks where the buildings shadow the GNSS signals, in tree shadowed environments and in indoor tridimensional environments.		Pedestrian Navigation as been wrongly seen as a mode of [[Road Navigation]]. But the fact is that the environments where pedestrians move around are generally more difficult than the road environment. Pedestrians normally move in sidewalks where the buildings shadow the GNSS signals, in tree shadowed environments and in indoor tridimensional environments.

Rui.Pereira at 01:06, 7 April 2011

2011-04-07T01:06:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:06, 7 April 2011
Line 49:		Line 49:
	Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.		Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.

	Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the used of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation, Occipital, February 2009</ref>.		Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the used of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation], Occipital, February 2009</ref>.

Rui.Pereira at 01:05, 7 April 2011

2011-04-07T01:05:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 7 April 2011
Line 49:		Line 49:
	Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.		Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.

	Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the used of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality][ technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation, Occipital, February 2009</ref>.		Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the used of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation, Occipital, February 2009</ref>.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:01, 8 April 2011
Line 7:		Line 7:
	\|Logo=GMV		\|Logo=GMV
	}}		}}
	Pedestrian Navigation consists in the navigation of pedestrians in urban environments. Pedestrian Navigation often offers pedestrian specific maps and multimodal navigation that ~~combines~~ walking directions with all available modes of transportation and even routing in indoor environments<ref>[http://www.gpsdaily.com/reports/Mobile_Navigation_Services_Taking_Off_In_North_America_And_Europe_999.html Mobile Navigation Services Taking Off In North America And Europe], GPS Daily, October 2008</ref>.		Pedestrian Navigation consists in the navigation of pedestrians usually in urban environments. Pedestrian Navigation often offers pedestrian specific maps and multimodal navigation that combine walking directions with all available modes of transportation and even routing in indoor environments<ref>[http://www.gpsdaily.com/reports/Mobile_Navigation_Services_Taking_Off_In_North_America_And_Europe_999.html Mobile Navigation Services Taking Off In North America And Europe], GPS Daily, October 2008</ref>.

	Pedestrian Navigation requires more complex maps and algorithms to provide an adequate navigation experience than [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] which is a simpler, much more predictable and contained environment.		Pedestrian Navigation requires more complex maps and algorithms to provide an adequate navigation experience than [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] which is a simpler, much more predictable and contained environment.
Line 14:		Line 14:
	Pedestrian Navigation applications are normally implemented using a standalone application running on a [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]]. This [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]] can be GNSS-enable [[Wikipedia:Mobile phone\|phone]] with multimedia capabilities or a custom [[Personal Navigation Device]].		Pedestrian Navigation applications are normally implemented using a standalone application running on a [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]]. This [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]] can be GNSS-enable [[Wikipedia:Mobile phone\|phone]] with multimedia capabilities or a custom [[Personal Navigation Device]].

	Normally the map and database of these applications are local although in some case the local application is supported by an online services that provide database updates, additional dynamic data (such as weather) or even parts of the navigation functionality.		Normally the map and database of these applications are local although in some case the local application is supported by online services that provide database updates, additional dynamic data (such as weather) or even parts of the navigation functionality.

	The process normally followed by these applications is:		The process normally followed by these applications is:
	* The user ~~uses~~ the application ~~to define~~ a destination. Restrictions may be applied on how to get to the destination (e.g. use of public transport).		* The user configures the application by defining a destination. Restrictions may be applied on how to get to the destination (e.g. use of public transport).
	* The application will guide the user using visual and audio information to its destination.		* The application will guide the user using visual and audio information to its destination.
	* If the user diverts from the suggested route the application will recalculate the route.		* If the user diverts from the suggested route the application will recalculate the route.

	Variants to this architecture are:		Variants to this architecture are:
	* The more basic pedestrian navigation applications support only outdoor ~~pedonal movements~~ not supporting public transportation.		* The more basic pedestrian navigation applications support only outdoor pedestrian navigation not supporting public transportation.
	* These applications can be combined with [[Location based Information Streams]] to provide additional information to the user.		* These applications can be combined with [[Location based Information Streams]] to provide additional information to the user.

	These applications are considered non-critical applications.		These applications are considered non-critical applications.

	The precision required by these applications is medium. The current accuracy provided by civilian GPS enough in most situations but not in all since ~~pedestrian~~ are more often in situations with less visible satellites. To support indoor navigation these applications ~~would need a much higher availability than normally given by civilian GPS that might~~ require the use of inertial sensors or other indoor localization techniques.		The precision required by these applications is medium. The current accuracy provided by civilian GPS is enough in most situations but not in all since pedestrians are more often in situations with less visible satellites. To support indoor navigation, these applications often require the use of inertial sensors or other indoor localization techniques<ref name="Inside_GNSS">[http://www.insidegnss.com/node/513 Pedestrian Navigation Hybridization of MEMS and Assisted GPS], Inside GNSS, January 2007</ref><ref name="DINGPOS">[http://spcomnav.uab.es/docs/conferences/spcomnav_iongnss08.pdf DINGPOS: A Hybrid Indoor Navigation Platform for GPS and GALILEO], J. A. López-Salcedo (UAB) , Y. Capelle (TAS-F), M. Toledo (GMV), G. Seco (UAB), J. López Vicario (UAB), D. Kubrak (TAS-F), M. Monnerat (TAS-F), A. Mark (GMV), D. Jiménez (ESA), ION GNSS 2008</ref>.

	== Application Characterization ==		== Application Characterization ==
	Pedestrian Navigation as been wrongly seen as a mode of [[Road Navigation]]. But the fact is that the environments where pedestrians move around are generally more difficult than the road environment. Pedestrians normally move in sidewalks where the buildings shadow the GNSS signals, in tree shadowed environments and in indoor three-dimensional environments.

	~~At present, satellite navigation based on GNSS and without~~ the ~~use of inertial systems,~~ is ~~not accurate enough to guide~~ pedestrians~~, especially~~ around ~~cities~~. ~~When few satellites are~~ in ~~view because of tall~~ buildings~~, positioning accuracy can be little better than 30 to 40 m. Satellite based augmentation systems ([[EGNOS]], [[WAAS]]), however, improves~~ the ~~accuracy of~~ GNSS ~~positions to a few meters~~, ~~making it sensitive enough to locate obstacles~~ in ~~the street<ref>[http://www.esa.int/esaNA/ESAKN58708D_index_0.html Space technology to help the blind], ESA Portal, December 2002</ref>~~.		Pedestrian Navigation is often wrongly seen has a mode of [[Road Navigation]]. But the fact is that the environments where pedestrians move around are generally more difficult than the road environment. Pedestrians normally move in sidewalks where the buildings shadow the GNSS signals, in tree shadowed environments and in indoor three-dimensional environments.

	~~These environments are much more difficult than~~ [[~~Road Navigation~~]] ~~that~~ even in ~~urban environments will have better satellite visibility. To support indoor navigation these application would have~~ to ~~support inertial sensors integration or other indoor navigation techniques~~<ref>~~[http://www~~.~~insidegnss~~.~~com/node/513 Pedestrian~~ Navigation ~~Hybridization of MEMS and Assisted GPS], Inside GNSS, January 2007~~</ref><ref>[http://~~spcomnav~~.~~uab~~.~~es/docs~~/~~conferences~~/~~spcomnav_iongnss08~~.~~pdf DINGPOS: A Hybrid Indoor Navigation Platform for GPS and GALILEO~~], ~~J. A. López-Salcedo (UAB) , Y. Capelle (TAS-F), M. Toledo (GMV), G. Seco (UAB), J. López Vicario (UAB), D. Kubrak (TAS-F), M. Monnerat (TAS-F), A. Mark (GMV), D. Jiménez (~~ESA), ~~ION GNSS 2008~~</ref>.		[[File:Google Maps 2.0 and Moto Q9h.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|Google Maps]]
			At present, pedestrian navigation based on GNSS (and even with the use of inertial systems) is often not accurate enough to guide pedestrians around cities. When few satellites are in view because of tall buildings, positioning accuracy reaches 30 to 40 m<ref>“Analysis of the Constellations needed for a Professional Receiver Application”, T. Ferreira (GMV), T. Carvalho (GMV), 4th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation User Equipment Technologies</ref><ref>[http://www.esa.int/esaNA/ESAKN58708D_index_0.html Space technology to help the blind], ESA Portal, December 2002</ref>.

	In simplified pedestrian applications the maps used for [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] can be reused but this limits the degree of functionality that the application can provide. Pedestrians move in the sidewalks, not in the roads and can move more freely in the environment since they can use pedestrian streets or pathways and go across open areas.		In simplified pedestrian applications the maps used for [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] can be reused but this limits the degree of functionality that the application can provide. Pedestrians move in the sidewalks, not in the roads and can move more freely in the environment since they can use pedestrian streets or pathways and go across open areas.
Line 42:		Line 42:
	Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.		Also to support public transportation, the routes and the frequency or the timetable of the public transports must be supported making the database and the routing algorithms more complex.

	Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the ~~used~~ of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation], Occipital, February 2009</ref>.		Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the use of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation], Occipital, February 2009</ref>.

	== Application Examples ==		== Application Examples ==

	Applications and services that fit in this category are<ref>[http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800545489_499488_NT_72d6b5cc.HTM Will pedestrian navigation take off?], EE Times Asia, September 2008</ref>:		Applications and services that fit in this category are<ref>[http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800545489_499488_NT_72d6b5cc.HTM Will pedestrian navigation take off?], EE Times Asia, September 2008</ref>:
	* [http://www.navitime.com/ Journey Pro by Navitime]: Journey is pedestrian navigation application for [[Wikipedia:iPhone\|iPhone]] and [[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)\|Android]].		* [http://www.navitime.com/ Journey Pro by Navitime]: Journey is pedestrian navigation application for [[Wikipedia:iPhone\|iPhone]] and [[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)\|Android]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:14, 7 April 2011
Line 7:		Line 7:
	\|Logo=GMV		\|Logo=GMV
	}}		}}

	Pedestrian Navigation consists in the navigation of pedestrians in urban environments. Pedestrian Navigation often offers pedestrian specific maps and multimodal navigation that combines walking directions with all available modes of transportation and even routing in indoor environments<ref>[http://www.gpsdaily.com/reports/Mobile_Navigation_Services_Taking_Off_In_North_America_And_Europe_999.html Mobile Navigation Services Taking Off In North America And Europe], GPS Daily, October 2008</ref>.		Pedestrian Navigation consists in the navigation of pedestrians in urban environments. Pedestrian Navigation often offers pedestrian specific maps and multimodal navigation that combines walking directions with all available modes of transportation and even routing in indoor environments<ref>[http://www.gpsdaily.com/reports/Mobile_Navigation_Services_Taking_Off_In_North_America_And_Europe_999.html Mobile Navigation Services Taking Off In North America And Europe], GPS Daily, October 2008</ref>.

	Pedestrian Navigation requires more complex maps and algorithms to provide an adequate navigation experience than [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] which is a simpler, much more predictable and contained environment.		Pedestrian Navigation requires more complex maps and algorithms to provide an adequate navigation experience than [[Road Navigation\|road navigation]] which is a simpler, much more predictable and contained environment.


	== Application Architecture ==		== Application Architecture ==

	Pedestrian Navigation applications are normally implemented using a standalone application running on a [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]]. This [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]] can be GNSS-enable [[Wikipedia:Mobile phone\|phone]] with multimedia capabilities or a custom [[Personal Navigation Device]].		Pedestrian Navigation applications are normally implemented using a standalone application running on a [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]]. This [[Wikipedia:Mobile device\|mobile device]] can be GNSS-enable [[Wikipedia:Mobile phone\|phone]] with multimedia capabilities or a custom [[Personal Navigation Device]].

Line 20:		Line 17:

	The process normally followed by these applications is:		The process normally followed by these applications is:

	* The user uses the application to define a destination. Restrictions may be applied on how to get to the destination (e.g. use of public transport).		* The user uses the application to define a destination. Restrictions may be applied on how to get to the destination (e.g. use of public transport).
	* The application will guide the user using visual and audio information to its destination.		* The application will guide the user using visual and audio information to its destination.
	* If the user diverts from the suggested route the application will recalculate the route.		* If the user diverts from the suggested route the application will recalculate the route.


	Variants to this architecture are:		Variants to this architecture are:

	* The more basic pedestrian navigation applications support only outdoor pedonal movements not supporting public transportation.		* The more basic pedestrian navigation applications support only outdoor pedonal movements not supporting public transportation.
	* These applications can be combined with [[Location based Information Streams]] to provide additional information to the user.		* These applications can be combined with [[Location based Information Streams]] to provide additional information to the user.


	These applications are considered non-critical applications.		These applications are considered non-critical applications.

	The precision required by these applications is medium. The current accuracy provided by civilian GPS enough in most situations but not in all since pedestrian are more often in situations with less visible satellites. To support indoor navigation these applications would need a much higher availability than normally given by civilian GPS that might require the use of inertial sensors or other indoor localization techniques.		The precision required by these applications is medium. The current accuracy provided by civilian GPS enough in most situations but not in all since pedestrian are more often in situations with less visible satellites. To support indoor navigation these applications would need a much higher availability than normally given by civilian GPS that might require the use of inertial sensors or other indoor localization techniques.


	== Application Characterization ==		== Application Characterization ==
			Pedestrian Navigation as been wrongly seen as a mode of [[Road Navigation]]. But the fact is that the environments where pedestrians move around are generally more difficult than the road environment. Pedestrians normally move in sidewalks where the buildings shadow the GNSS signals, in tree shadowed environments and in indoor three-dimensional environments.
	Pedestrian Navigation as been wrongly seen as a mode of [[Road Navigation]]. But the fact is that the environments where pedestrians move around are generally more difficult than the road environment. Pedestrians normally move in sidewalks where the buildings shadow the GNSS signals, in tree shadowed environments and in indoor ~~tridimensional~~ environments.

	At present, satellite navigation based on GNSS and without the use of inertial systems, is not accurate enough to guide pedestrians, especially around cities. When few satellites are in view because of tall buildings, positioning accuracy can be little better than 30 to 40 m. Satellite based augmentation systems ([[EGNOS]], [[WAAS]]), however, improves the accuracy of GNSS positions to a few meters, making it sensitive enough to locate obstacles in the street<ref>[http://www.esa.int/esaNA/ESAKN58708D_index_0.html Space technology to help the blind], ESA Portal, December 2002</ref>.		At present, satellite navigation based on GNSS and without the use of inertial systems, is not accurate enough to guide pedestrians, especially around cities. When few satellites are in view because of tall buildings, positioning accuracy can be little better than 30 to 40 m. Satellite based augmentation systems ([[EGNOS]], [[WAAS]]), however, improves the accuracy of GNSS positions to a few meters, making it sensitive enough to locate obstacles in the street<ref>[http://www.esa.int/esaNA/ESAKN58708D_index_0.html Space technology to help the blind], ESA Portal, December 2002</ref>.
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	Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the used of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation], Occipital, February 2009</ref>.		Currently the interface for these applications is supported by the graphical and audio interfaces of mobile phone but these applications would benefit significantly from the used of [[Location based Information Streams#Augmented reality\|augmented reality]] technologies<ref>[http://occipital.com/blog/2009/02/28/the-future-of-pedestrian-navigation/ The future of pedestrian navigation], Occipital, February 2009</ref>.


	== Application Examples ==		== Application Examples ==

	Applications and services that fit in this category are<ref>[http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800545489_499488_NT_72d6b5cc.HTM Will pedestrian navigation take off?], EE Times Asia, September 2008</ref>:		Applications and services that fit in this category are<ref>[http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800545489_499488_NT_72d6b5cc.HTM Will pedestrian navigation take off?], EE Times Asia, September 2008</ref>:
	* [http://www.navitime.com/ Journey Pro by Navitime]: Journey is pedestrian navigation application for [[Wikipedia:iPhone\|iPhone]] and [[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)\|Android]].		* [http://www.navitime.com/ Journey Pro by Navitime]: Journey is pedestrian navigation application for [[Wikipedia:iPhone\|iPhone]] and [[Wikipedia:Android (operating system)\|Android]].
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	* [http://www.google.com/mobile/maps/ Google Maps]: Google free map solution that supports pedestrian navigation including public transportation.		* [http://www.google.com/mobile/maps/ Google Maps]: Google free map solution that supports pedestrian navigation including public transportation.
	* [[Personal Navigation Device\|Personal Navigation Devices]]: Most [[Road Applications\|road]] oriented [[Personal Navigation Device\|personal navigations devices]] support pedestrian modes although usually the same maps and routing algorithms as for road navigation are used.		* [[Personal Navigation Device\|Personal Navigation Devices]]: Most [[Road Applications\|road]] oriented [[Personal Navigation Device\|personal navigations devices]] support pedestrian modes although usually the same maps and routing algorithms as for road navigation are used.


	== Notes ==		== Notes ==
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	<references/>		<references/>

	~~[[Category:Applications]]~~
	~~[[Category:Civil Applications]]~~
	[[Category:Personal Applications]]		[[Category:Personal Applications]]