NAVIC - Revision history

Jalbert: Fixed errors in IRNSS Space Segment point

2026-05-21T15:06:04Z

Fixed errors in IRNSS Space Segment point

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:06, 21 May 2026
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	==IRNSS Architecture==		==IRNSS Architecture==

	IRNSS has 7 satellites complemented with the appropriate ground infrastructure as a minimum<ref name=IRNSS_ICD>[https://www.~~unoosa~~.~~org/pdf/icg~~/~~2013/icg-8/5~~.~~pdf~~ ~~Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System Program,~~ Indian Space Research Organisation HQ]</ref>.		IRNSS has 7 satellites complemented with the appropriate ground infrastructure as a minimum<ref name=IRNSS_ICD>[https://www.isro.gov.in/SatelliteNavigationServices.html Indian Space Research Organisation, Department of Space, Satellite Navigation Services]</ref>.
	As it is traditional in GNSS systems, the architecture is described next in three different segments: the space segment, the ground segment and the user segment.		As it is traditional in GNSS systems, the architecture is described next in three different segments: the space segment, the ground segment and the user segment.

	*The '''IRNSS Space Segment''': 3 of the 7 satellites are geostationary orbit (GEOs) and they are located at 32.5º East, 83º East and ~~131~~.5º East longitude<ref name=IRNSS_ICD/>. There are 4 ~~geostationary~~ satellites (GSO) in orbits of 24,000 km apogee and 250 km perigee inclined at 29 degrees. Two of the GSOs cross the equator at 55º East and the other two at 111.75º East (two satellites in each plane)<ref name=IRNSS_ICD/>. The life span of the GEOs is 9.5 years and 11 years in the case of the GSOs.<ref>[https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/irnss-1606397318-1 What is the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS-NavIC)? in Jagran Josh website]</ref> The Constellation Design Considerations have been mainly:		*The '''IRNSS Space Segment''': 3 of the 7 satellites are geostationary orbit (GEOs) and they are located at 32.5º East, 83º East and 129.5º East longitude<ref name=IRNSS_ICD/>. There are 4 geosynchronous satellites (GSO) in orbits of 24,000 km apogee and 250 km perigee inclined at 29 degrees. Two of the GSOs cross the equator at 55º East and the other two at 111.75º East (two satellites in each plane)<ref name=IRNSS_ICD/>. The life span of the GEOs is 9.5 years and 11 years in the case of the GSOs.<ref>[https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/irnss-1606397318-1 What is the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS-NavIC)? in Jagran Josh website]</ref> The Constellation Design Considerations have been mainly:
	** Minimizing the Maximum DOP		** Minimizing the Maximum DOP
	** Minimum number of satellites		** Minimum number of satellites

Gema.Cueto at 14:58, 13 April 2026

2026-04-13T14:58:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:58, 13 April 2026
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	[[File:IRNSSArchitecture.PNG\|IRNSS Architecture\|thumb\|300px]]		[[File:IRNSSArchitecture.PNG\|IRNSS Architecture\|thumb\|300px]]

	*The '''IRNSS Ground Segment''' consists of:<ref name="ICD">[https://www.isro.gov.in/~~sites/default/files/irnss_sps_icd_version1~~.~~1-2017.pdf~~ IRNSS SIGNAL IN SPACE ICD FOR STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE ~~v1.1~~]</ref>		*The '''IRNSS Ground Segment''' consists of:<ref name="ICD">[https://www.isro.gov.in/IRNSSSignal.html IRNSS SIGNAL IN SPACE ICD FOR STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE]</ref>
	**ISRO Navigation Centre		**ISRO Navigation Centre
	**IRNSS Spacecraft Control Facility		**IRNSS Spacecraft Control Facility

Gema.Cueto: /* IRNSS Development */

2021-04-22T05:53:23Z

IRNSS Development

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:53, 22 April 2021
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	The fourth IRNSS-1D satellite was successfully placed in orbit onboard the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C27), on March 28, 2015. The ISRO's Master Control Facility took over the control of the satellite and after that conducted several maneuvers in order to position the satellite in the geosynchronous orbit at 111.75 degrees East longitude with 30.5 deg inclination<ref>[https://insidegnss.com/indian-launches-fourth-irnss-spacecraft/ Indian Launches Fourth IRNSS Spacecraft, Inside GNSS, March 28, 2015]</ref>. The satellite reached its intended orbit slot on April 9th, 2015.<ref>[http://gpsworld.com/all-systems-go-with-a-spring-into-space/ The System: All Systems Go, with a Spring into Space]</ref><br>		The fourth IRNSS-1D satellite was successfully placed in orbit onboard the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C27), on March 28, 2015. The ISRO's Master Control Facility took over the control of the satellite and after that conducted several maneuvers in order to position the satellite in the geosynchronous orbit at 111.75 degrees East longitude with 30.5 deg inclination<ref>[https://insidegnss.com/indian-launches-fourth-irnss-spacecraft/ Indian Launches Fourth IRNSS Spacecraft, Inside GNSS, March 28, 2015]</ref>. The satellite reached its intended orbit slot on April 9th, 2015.<ref>[http://gpsworld.com/all-systems-go-with-a-spring-into-space/ The System: All Systems Go, with a Spring into Space]</ref><br>

	The fifth satellite of the IRNSS constellation was launched on January 20, 2016. <ref>[http://gpsworld.com/indias-fifth-navigation-satellite-launched/ India’s fifth navigation satellite launched]</ref> That launch was closely followed by the 6th launch of a IRNSS satellite on March 10, 2016<ref>[~~http~~://~~www.~~insidegnss.com India Successfully Launches IRNSS 1F into Orbit]</ref>. The seventh and final satellite was launched on April 28, 2016 <ref>[~~http~~://~~www.~~insidegnss.com India Completes IRNSS Constellation]</ref>.An eighth satellite was launched in 2018<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irnss-1i Department of Space, Indian Space Research Organisation website]</ref> to replace the failed IRNSS-1A.		The fifth satellite of the IRNSS constellation was launched on January 20, 2016. <ref>[http://gpsworld.com/indias-fifth-navigation-satellite-launched/ India’s fifth navigation satellite launched]</ref> That launch was closely followed by the 6th launch of a IRNSS satellite on March 10, 2016<ref>[https://insidegnss.com/india-successfully-launches-irnss-1f-into-orbit/ India Successfully Launches IRNSS 1F into Orbit]</ref>. The seventh and final satellite was launched on April 28, 2016 <ref>[https://insidegnss.com/india-completes-irnss-constellation/ India Completes IRNSS Constellation]</ref>.An eighth satellite was launched in 2018<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irnss-1i Department of Space, Indian Space Research Organisation website]</ref> to replace the failed IRNSS-1A.

	In 2020 IRNSS was recognized as a component of IMO’s World Wide Radio Navigation Systems<ref>[https://insidegnss.com/indias-irnss-now-part-of-world-wide-radio-navigation-system/ Inside GNSS: India’s IRNSS Now Part of World Wide Radio Navigation System]</ref>, which enables merchant vessels to use IRNSS for obtaining position information.		In 2020 IRNSS was recognized as a component of IMO’s World Wide Radio Navigation Systems<ref>[https://insidegnss.com/indias-irnss-now-part-of-world-wide-radio-navigation-system/ Inside GNSS: India’s IRNSS Now Part of World Wide Radio Navigation System]</ref>, which enables merchant vessels to use IRNSS for obtaining position information.

Gema.Cueto: /* IRNSS Development */

2021-04-22T05:50:48Z

IRNSS Development

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:50, 22 April 2021
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	As of 18 July 2013 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that the satellite successfully reached its defined inclined geosynchronous orbit and that the verification tests would start one week after. Before that, in 23 July the German Aerospace Center was able to receive a signal transmitted in the L5 band from the IRSNSS-1A satellite. From the analysis of the received signal researchers from German Aerospace Center concluded that the signal structure is consistent with what was announced as [[IRNSS Signal Plan]] by ISRO<ref>[http://www.gpsworld.com/indian-regional-gnss-satellite-starts-signal-transmissions/ Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Starts Signal Transmissions, GPS World, 25 July 2013]</ref>.		As of 18 July 2013 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that the satellite successfully reached its defined inclined geosynchronous orbit and that the verification tests would start one week after. Before that, in 23 July the German Aerospace Center was able to receive a signal transmitted in the L5 band from the IRSNSS-1A satellite. From the analysis of the received signal researchers from German Aerospace Center concluded that the signal structure is consistent with what was announced as [[IRNSS Signal Plan]] by ISRO<ref>[http://www.gpsworld.com/indian-regional-gnss-satellite-starts-signal-transmissions/ Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Starts Signal Transmissions, GPS World, 25 July 2013]</ref>.
	On October 16, 2014, India’s Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched its third navigation satellite IRNSS-1C abord a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.		On October 16, 2014, India’s Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched its third navigation satellite IRNSS-1C abord a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
	The fourth IRNSS-1D satellite was successfully placed in orbit onboard the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C27), on March 28, 2015. The ISRO's Master Control Facility took over the control of the satellite and after that conducted several maneuvers in order to position the satellite in the geosynchronous orbit at 111.75 degrees East longitude with 30.5 deg inclination<ref>[~~http~~://~~www.~~insidegnss.com Indian Launches Fourth IRNSS Spacecraft, Inside GNSS, March 28, 2015]</ref>. The satellite reached its intended orbit slot on April 9th, 2015.<ref>[http://gpsworld.com/all-systems-go-with-a-spring-into-space/ The System: All Systems Go, with a Spring into Space]</ref><br>		The fourth IRNSS-1D satellite was successfully placed in orbit onboard the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C27), on March 28, 2015. The ISRO's Master Control Facility took over the control of the satellite and after that conducted several maneuvers in order to position the satellite in the geosynchronous orbit at 111.75 degrees East longitude with 30.5 deg inclination<ref>[https://insidegnss.com/indian-launches-fourth-irnss-spacecraft/ Indian Launches Fourth IRNSS Spacecraft, Inside GNSS, March 28, 2015]</ref>. The satellite reached its intended orbit slot on April 9th, 2015.<ref>[http://gpsworld.com/all-systems-go-with-a-spring-into-space/ The System: All Systems Go, with a Spring into Space]</ref><br>

	The fifth satellite of the IRNSS constellation was launched on January 20, 2016. <ref>[http://gpsworld.com/indias-fifth-navigation-satellite-launched/ India’s fifth navigation satellite launched]</ref> That launch was closely followed by the 6th launch of a IRNSS satellite on March 10, 2016<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com India Successfully Launches IRNSS 1F into Orbit]</ref>. The seventh and final satellite was launched on April 28, 2016 <ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com India Completes IRNSS Constellation]</ref>.An eighth satellite was launched in 2018<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irnss-1i Department of Space, Indian Space Research Organisation website]</ref> to replace the failed IRNSS-1A.		The fifth satellite of the IRNSS constellation was launched on January 20, 2016. <ref>[http://gpsworld.com/indias-fifth-navigation-satellite-launched/ India’s fifth navigation satellite launched]</ref> That launch was closely followed by the 6th launch of a IRNSS satellite on March 10, 2016<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com India Successfully Launches IRNSS 1F into Orbit]</ref>. The seventh and final satellite was launched on April 28, 2016 <ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com India Completes IRNSS Constellation]</ref>.An eighth satellite was launched in 2018<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irnss-1i Department of Space, Indian Space Research Organisation website]</ref> to replace the failed IRNSS-1A.

Gema.Cueto: /* IRNSS Development */

2021-04-22T05:49:44Z

IRNSS Development

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:49, 22 April 2021
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	The Indian government approved the project in May 2006, with the intention of the system to be completed and implemented by 2015.		The Indian government approved the project in May 2006, with the intention of the system to be completed and implemented by 2015.

	The first satellite of the proposed constellation was successfully launched on the 1st of July 2013<ref>[http://www.gpsworld.com/india-launches-first-navigation-satellite/ India Launches First Navigation Satellite, GPS World]</ref>. It is IRNSS-1A one of the three Geosynchronous satellites that will is compose the entire constellation<ref> IRNSS Navigation Satellites</ref>. Despite the first launch was executed slightly later than the planned, at that time India has announced the deadline of 2015-2016 to launch the remaining six satellites<ref> IRNSS Press Release, July 2, 2013</ref>. As in the first launch the forthcoming will place in orbit only one satellite at a time. For that it is scheduled regular launches in every six months<ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/570847/india-to-launch-satellite-navigation-system/ India launches its first dedicated navigation satellite, The Express Tribune]</ref>.		The first satellite of the proposed constellation was successfully launched on the 1st of July 2013<ref>[http://www.gpsworld.com/india-launches-first-navigation-satellite/ India Launches First Navigation Satellite, GPS World]</ref>. It is IRNSS-1A one of the three Geosynchronous satellites that will is compose the entire constellation<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/irnss-programme IRNSS Navigation Satellites]</ref>. Despite the first launch was executed slightly later than the planned, at that time India has announced the deadline of 2015-2016 to launch the remaining six satellites<ref> IRNSS Press Release, July 2, 2013</ref>. As in the first launch the forthcoming will place in orbit only one satellite at a time. For that it is scheduled regular launches in every six months<ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/570847/india-to-launch-satellite-navigation-system/ India launches its first dedicated navigation satellite, The Express Tribune]</ref>.
	As of 18 July 2013 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that the satellite successfully reached its defined inclined geosynchronous orbit and that the verification tests would start one week after. Before that, in 23 July the German Aerospace Center was able to receive a signal transmitted in the L5 band from the IRSNSS-1A satellite. From the analysis of the received signal researchers from German Aerospace Center concluded that the signal structure is consistent with what was announced as [[IRNSS Signal Plan]] by ISRO<ref>[http://www.gpsworld.com/indian-regional-gnss-satellite-starts-signal-transmissions/ Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Starts Signal Transmissions, GPS World, 25 July 2013]</ref>.		As of 18 July 2013 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that the satellite successfully reached its defined inclined geosynchronous orbit and that the verification tests would start one week after. Before that, in 23 July the German Aerospace Center was able to receive a signal transmitted in the L5 band from the IRSNSS-1A satellite. From the analysis of the received signal researchers from German Aerospace Center concluded that the signal structure is consistent with what was announced as [[IRNSS Signal Plan]] by ISRO<ref>[http://www.gpsworld.com/indian-regional-gnss-satellite-starts-signal-transmissions/ Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Starts Signal Transmissions, GPS World, 25 July 2013]</ref>.
	On October 16, 2014, India’s Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched its third navigation satellite IRNSS-1C abord a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.		On October 16, 2014, India’s Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched its third navigation satellite IRNSS-1C abord a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.

Gema.Cueto: /* IRNSS Services and Performances */

2021-04-22T05:48:31Z

IRNSS Services and Performances

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:48, 22 April 2021
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	The data structure for SPS and PS takes advantage of the fact that the number of satellites is reduced -7 instead of the 30 used in other constellations- to broadcast ionospheric corrections for a grid of 80 points to provide service to single frequency users. The clock, ephemeris, almanac data of the 7 IRNSS satellites are transmitted with the same accuracy as in legacy GPS, GLONASS & Galileo.		The data structure for SPS and PS takes advantage of the fact that the number of satellites is reduced -7 instead of the 30 used in other constellations- to broadcast ionospheric corrections for a grid of 80 points to provide service to single frequency users. The clock, ephemeris, almanac data of the 7 IRNSS satellites are transmitted with the same accuracy as in legacy GPS, GLONASS & Galileo.

	The Performances expected for the IRNSS system are: Position accuracy around 20 m over the Indian Ocean Region (1500 km around India) and less than 10 m accuracy over India and GSO adjacent countries.<ref>[~~<ref name="IRNSS ICD">~~ Vasudha, M.P., Raju, G. Comparative evaluation of IRNSS performance with special reference to positional accuracy. Gyroscopy Navig. 8, 136–149 (2017)]</ref>		The Performances expected for the IRNSS system are: Position accuracy around 20 m over the Indian Ocean Region (1500 km around India) and less than 10 m accuracy over India and GSO adjacent countries.<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S2075108717020109 Vasudha, M.P., Raju, G. Comparative evaluation of IRNSS performance with special reference to positional accuracy. Gyroscopy Navig. 8, 136–149 (2017)]</ref>

	==IRNSS Development==		==IRNSS Development==

Gema.Cueto: /* IRNSS Services and Performances */

2021-04-22T05:47:48Z

IRNSS Services and Performances

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:47, 22 April 2021
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	The data structure for SPS and PS takes advantage of the fact that the number of satellites is reduced -7 instead of the 30 used in other constellations- to broadcast ionospheric corrections for a grid of 80 points to provide service to single frequency users. The clock, ephemeris, almanac data of the 7 IRNSS satellites are transmitted with the same accuracy as in legacy GPS, GLONASS & Galileo.		The data structure for SPS and PS takes advantage of the fact that the number of satellites is reduced -7 instead of the 30 used in other constellations- to broadcast ionospheric corrections for a grid of 80 points to provide service to single frequency users. The clock, ephemeris, almanac data of the 7 IRNSS satellites are transmitted with the same accuracy as in legacy GPS, GLONASS & Galileo.

	The Performances expected for the IRNSS system are: Position accuracy around 20 m over the Indian Ocean Region (1500 km around India) and less than 10 m accuracy over India and GSO adjacent countries.<ref>[<ref name="IRNSS ICD"> Vasudha, M.P., Raju, G. Comparative evaluation of IRNSS performance with special reference to positional accuracy. Gyroscopy Navig. 8, 136–149 (2017)].</ref>		The Performances expected for the IRNSS system are: Position accuracy around 20 m over the Indian Ocean Region (1500 km around India) and less than 10 m accuracy over India and GSO adjacent countries.<ref>[<ref name="IRNSS ICD"> Vasudha, M.P., Raju, G. Comparative evaluation of IRNSS performance with special reference to positional accuracy. Gyroscopy Navig. 8, 136–149 (2017)]</ref>

	==IRNSS Development==		==IRNSS Development==

Gema.Cueto: /* IRNSS Services and Performances */

2021-04-22T05:47:26Z

IRNSS Services and Performances

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:47, 22 April 2021
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	The data structure for SPS and PS takes advantage of the fact that the number of satellites is reduced -7 instead of the 30 used in other constellations- to broadcast ionospheric corrections for a grid of 80 points to provide service to single frequency users. The clock, ephemeris, almanac data of the 7 IRNSS satellites are transmitted with the same accuracy as in legacy GPS, GLONASS & Galileo.		The data structure for SPS and PS takes advantage of the fact that the number of satellites is reduced -7 instead of the 30 used in other constellations- to broadcast ionospheric corrections for a grid of 80 points to provide service to single frequency users. The clock, ephemeris, almanac data of the 7 IRNSS satellites are transmitted with the same accuracy as in legacy GPS, GLONASS & Galileo.

	The Performances expected for the IRNSS system are: Position accuracy around 20 m over the Indian Ocean Region (1500 km around India) and less than 10 m accuracy over India and GSO adjacent countries.<ref>Vasudha, M.P., Raju, G. Comparative evaluation of IRNSS performance with special reference to positional accuracy. Gyroscopy Navig. 8, 136–149 (2017).</ref>		The Performances expected for the IRNSS system are: Position accuracy around 20 m over the Indian Ocean Region (1500 km around India) and less than 10 m accuracy over India and GSO adjacent countries.<ref>[<ref name="IRNSS ICD"> Vasudha, M.P., Raju, G. Comparative evaluation of IRNSS performance with special reference to positional accuracy. Gyroscopy Navig. 8, 136–149 (2017)].</ref>

	==IRNSS Development==		==IRNSS Development==

Gema.Cueto: /* IRNSS Development */

2021-04-21T10:02:44Z

IRNSS Development

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:02, 21 April 2021
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	The fifth satellite of the IRNSS constellation was launched on January 20, 2016. <ref>[http://gpsworld.com/indias-fifth-navigation-satellite-launched/ India’s fifth navigation satellite launched]</ref> That launch was closely followed by the 6th launch of a IRNSS satellite on March 10, 2016<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com India Successfully Launches IRNSS 1F into Orbit]</ref>. The seventh and final satellite was launched on April 28, 2016 <ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com India Completes IRNSS Constellation]</ref>.An eighth satellite was launched in 2018<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irnss-1i Department of Space, Indian Space Research Organisation website]</ref> to replace the failed IRNSS-1A.		The fifth satellite of the IRNSS constellation was launched on January 20, 2016. <ref>[http://gpsworld.com/indias-fifth-navigation-satellite-launched/ India’s fifth navigation satellite launched]</ref> That launch was closely followed by the 6th launch of a IRNSS satellite on March 10, 2016<ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com India Successfully Launches IRNSS 1F into Orbit]</ref>. The seventh and final satellite was launched on April 28, 2016 <ref>[http://www.insidegnss.com India Completes IRNSS Constellation]</ref>.An eighth satellite was launched in 2018<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irnss-1i Department of Space, Indian Space Research Organisation website]</ref> to replace the failed IRNSS-1A.

	In 2020 IRNSS was recognized as a component of IMO’s World Wide Radio Navigation Systems<ref>[https://insidegnss.com/indias-irnss-now-part-of-world-wide-radio-navigation-system/ Inside GNSS: India’s IRNSS Now Part of World Wide Radio Navigation System]</ref>, which enables merchant vessels to use IRNSS for obtaining position information.		In 2020 IRNSS was recognized as a component of IMO’s World Wide Radio Navigation Systems<ref>[https://insidegnss.com/indias-irnss-now-part-of-world-wide-radio-navigation-system/ Inside GNSS: India’s IRNSS Now Part of World Wide Radio Navigation System]</ref>, which enables merchant vessels to use IRNSS for obtaining position information.


	==References==		==References==

Gema.Cueto at 09:59, 21 April 2021

2021-04-21T09:59:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:59, 21 April 2021
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	**Laser Ranging Stations		**Laser Ranging Stations
	**Data Communication Network		**Data Communication Network
	The ~~SCC and the INC are the core of the~~ ground segment~~, and they are~~ in charge of estimating and predicting IRNSS satellites position, calculation of integrity, ionospheric and clock corrections and running the navigation software.		The ground segment is in charge of estimating and predicting IRNSS satellites position, calculation of integrity, ionospheric and clock corrections and running the navigation software.

	*The '''IRNSS User segment''': the IRNSS user segment is made of the IRNSS receivers. They will be dual-frequency receivers (L5 and S band frequencies) or single frequency (L5 or S band frequency) with capability to receive ionospheric correction. They will be able to receive and process navigation data from other GNSS constellations and the seven IRNSS satellites will be continuously tracked by the user receiver. The user receiver will have a minimum gain G/T of -27 dB/K.		*The '''IRNSS User segment''': the IRNSS user segment is made of the IRNSS receivers. They will be dual-frequency receivers (L5 and S band frequencies) or single frequency (L5 or S band frequency) with capability to receive ionospheric correction. They will be able to receive and process navigation data from other GNSS constellations and the seven IRNSS satellites will be continuously tracked by the user receiver. The user receiver will have a minimum gain G/T of -27 dB/K.