Military Navigation - Revision history

Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-10-16T14:17:13Z

fixed broken link.

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	Signal jamming is a major thread to military operations based in GPS. The emergence of GPS jamming devices capable of broadcasting a signal in the same frequency used by satellite navigation to obtain location information, can drive to a disruption of satellite transmissions.		Signal jamming is a major thread to military operations based in GPS. The emergence of GPS jamming devices capable of broadcasting a signal in the same frequency used by satellite navigation to obtain location information, can drive to a disruption of satellite transmissions.

	There are some military applications like the GPS Jammer Location (JLOC) designed to monitor for GPS interference threats and provide alerts to military users in the field when a threat is detected.<ref>[http://www.~~pnt~~.gov/~~public~~/~~docs~~/2008/~~biennial2008~~.pdf Global Positioning System, A Report to Congress], DoD, October 2008</ref>		There are some military applications like the GPS Jammer Location (JLOC) designed to monitor for GPS interference threats and provide alerts to military users in the field when a threat is detected.<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/congress/reports/2008/biennial-gps-report.pdf Global Positioning System, A Report to Congress], DoD, October 2008</ref>

	== Application Examples ==		== Application Examples ==

Filipe.Pelica: Included editor logo.

2014-09-18T17:08:03Z

Included editor logo.

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Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-09-09T13:02:31Z

fixed broken link.

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	== Application Architecture ==		== Application Architecture ==

	The GPS was initially developed for military purposes and has proven to be indispensable for several military activities, such as land, air and sea navigation and accurate positioning for a wide range of military applications.<ref>[http://www.ausairpower.net/MilCIS-Slides-Tyson-Kopp-2007.pdf A Lightweight GNSS Support Protocol For Military and Civil Applications], M. Tyson and C. Kopp, November 2007</ref>		The GPS was initially developed for military purposes and has proven to be indispensable for several military activities, such as land, air and sea navigation and accurate positioning for a wide range of military applications.<ref>[http://www.ausairpower.net/PDF-A/MilCIS-Slides-Tyson-Kopp-2007.pdf A Lightweight GNSS Support Protocol For Military and Civil Applications], M. Tyson and C. Kopp, November 2007</ref>
	The use of GNSS has reduced the search and rescue operations response times, increasing the survival chances of the wounded soldiers.		The use of GNSS has reduced the search and rescue operations response times, increasing the survival chances of the wounded soldiers.

Carlos.Lopez at 10:53, 23 February 2012

2012-02-23T10:53:59Z

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	{{Article Infobox2		{{Article Infobox2
	\|Category=Applications		\|Category=Applications
	\|~~Title={{PAGENAME}}~~		\|Editors=GMV
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	\|Level=Intermediate		\|Level=Intermediate
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	\|~~Logo~~=~~GMV~~		\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
	}}		}}

	The satellite navigation is applied to military missions for navigation purposes in enemy territories, and are especially important in absence of light in night missions. The military forces rely on GNSS over conventional compasses, in order to obtain an accurate positioning of their own units, as well as the enemy's forces positions and the locations of enemy's facilities or installations. These positions coordinates can be acquired and distributed to other units, in order to enhance the ground awareness picture.		The satellite navigation is applied to military missions for navigation purposes in enemy territories, and are especially important in absence of light in night missions. The military forces rely on GNSS over conventional compasses, in order to obtain an accurate positioning of their own units, as well as the enemy's forces positions and the locations of enemy's facilities or installations. These positions coordinates can be acquired and distributed to other units, in order to enhance the ground awareness picture.

Timo.Kouwenhoven: Text replace - "|Level=Medium" to "|Level=Intermediate"

2011-11-06T07:45:50Z

Text replace - "|Level=Medium" to "|Level=Intermediate"

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Timo.Kouwenhoven: Text replace - "|Authors=GMV." to "|Authors=GMV"

2011-11-01T13:49:43Z

Text replace - "|Authors=GMV." to "|Authors=GMV"

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Rui.Pereira: moved Work in Progress:Military Navigation to Military Navigation over redirect

2011-07-29T22:47:32Z

moved Work in Progress:Military Navigation to Military Navigation over redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:47, 29 July 2011
(No difference)

Rui.Pereira at 11:37, 21 July 2011

2011-07-21T11:37:09Z

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	The satellite navigation is applied to military missions for navigation purposes in enemy territories, and are especially important in absence of light in missions ~~during the night~~. The military forces rely on ~~GPS~~ over conventional compasses, in order to obtain an accurate positioning of their own units, as well as the enemy's forces positions and the locations of enemy's facilities or installations. These positions coordinates can be acquired and distributed to other ~~allied forces~~, in order to enhance the ground awareness picture.		The satellite navigation is applied to military missions for navigation purposes in enemy territories, and are especially important in absence of light in night missions. The military forces rely on GNSS over conventional compasses, in order to obtain an accurate positioning of their own units, as well as the enemy's forces positions and the locations of enemy's facilities or installations. These positions coordinates can be acquired and distributed to other units, in order to enhance the ground awareness picture.

	Satellite navigation is also used to plan and track the movements of convoys and to operations of search and rescue of injured soldiers, with considerable reduction of response time. Satellite navigation is used by military forces for ground navigation, aviation navigation and maritime navigation. Since military aviation navigation and maritime navigation are similar to their civilian counterparts this article will focus mostly on military ground navigation.		Satellite navigation is also used to plan and track the movements of convoys and in operations of search and rescue of injured soldiers, with considerable reduction of response time. Satellite navigation is used by military forces for ground navigation, aviation navigation and maritime navigation. Since military aviation navigation and maritime navigation are similar to their civilian counterparts this article will focus mostly on military ground navigation.

	== Application Architecture ==		== Application Architecture ==

	The GPS was initially developed for military purposes and has proven to be indispensable for several military activities, such as land, air and sea navigation~~, surveying and geology~~ and accurate positioning for a wide range of military applications.<ref>[http://www.ausairpower.net/MilCIS-Slides-Tyson-Kopp-2007.pdf A Lightweight GNSS Support Protocol For Military and Civil Applications], M. Tyson and C. Kopp, November 2007</ref>		The GPS was initially developed for military purposes and has proven to be indispensable for several military activities, such as land, air and sea navigation and accurate positioning for a wide range of military applications.<ref>[http://www.ausairpower.net/MilCIS-Slides-Tyson-Kopp-2007.pdf A Lightweight GNSS Support Protocol For Military and Civil Applications], M. Tyson and C. Kopp, November 2007</ref>
	The use of GNSS has reduced the search and rescue operations response times, increasing the survival chances of the wounded soldiers.		The use of GNSS has reduced the search and rescue operations response times, increasing the survival chances of the wounded soldiers.

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	* Forces location,		* Forces location,
	* Forces navigation,		* Forces navigation,
	* Forces ~~employment~~,		* Forces deployment,
	* All weather operations,		* All weather and around the clock operations,
	* Communication network timing.		* Communication network timing.

	The military applications are considered safety critical applications and use the [[GPS_Services#Precise_Positioning_Service\|Precise Positioning Service]], which is a robust and encrypted signal~~, able to deal~~ with jamming ~~attacks~~.		The military applications are considered safety critical applications and in the case of GPS the military use the [[GPS_Services#Precise_Positioning_Service\|Precise Positioning Service (GPS PPS)]], which is a robust and encrypted signal with anti-jamming features.

	~~It employs two signals to reduce radio transmission errors, thus improving accuracy.~~ Standard Positioning Service (SPS) uses only ~~one signal, but~~ the ~~ongoing GPS modernization program is adding several~~ more ~~civilian signals over the coming years~~. Detailed descriptions of Precise Positioning Service and Standard Positioning Service are available in [[GPS Services]].		GPS PPS uses both L1(C/A) and L2(P-code) frequencies while the Standard Positioning Service (SPS) uses only L1. The use L1 and L2 simultaneously allows among other things the removal of ionospheric errors and a more robust positioning. Detailed descriptions of Precise Positioning Service and Standard Positioning Service are available in [[GPS Services]].

	~~In the future,~~ the accuracy difference between military and civilian GPS services will be ~~mitigated~~. ~~With~~ the ~~adoption~~ of GNSS ~~augmentation~~ systems~~, the GNSS signals distributed to the general public~~ will ~~achieve higher accuracy than Precise Positioning Service~~.~~<ref>[http://www.pnt.gov/public/ Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)], Public Materials</ref>~~		Galileo and modernized GPS will support multiple frequency signals for civilian uses and the accuracy difference between military and civilian GPS services will be reduced. Despite this the non-public services of GNSS systems will still have additional security and anti-jamming characteristics.

	=== GPS modernization ===		=== GPS modernization ===
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	=== Forces Navigation ===		=== Forces Navigation ===

	Forces location information is fundamental in military procedures. GNSS systems can turn the ~~locations~~ of allied and enemy units into a simple task, with the proper equipments. With GNSS ubiquitous presence in military actions, troops must be constantly moving to avoid interceptions.		Forces location information is fundamental in military procedures. GNSS systems can turn the determination of the location of allied and enemy units into a simple task, with the proper equipments. With GNSS ubiquitous presence in military actions, troops must be constantly moving to avoid interceptions.

	The tracking of troops is another useful application, since potential targets, must be tracked and monitored before an attack. This tracking procedures use other techniques such as photo reconnaissance combined with GNSS information, to enhance the awareness and providing guidance information to bombing missions.		The tracking of troops is another useful application, since potential targets, must be tracked and monitored before an attack. This tracking procedures use other techniques such as photo reconnaissance combined with GNSS information, to enhance the awareness and providing guidance information to bombing missions.

Rui.Pereira at 17:49, 24 May 2011

2011-05-24T17:49:23Z

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	<references/>		<references/>

			[[Category:Applications]]
	[[Category:Military Applications]]		[[Category:Military Applications]]

Rui.Pereira at 17:24, 24 May 2011

2011-05-24T17:24:55Z

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	}}		}}

	The satellite navigation is applied to military missions for navigation purposes in enemy territories, and are especially important in absence of light missions, during the night. The military forces rely on GPS over conventional compasses, in order to obtain an accurate positioning of their own units, as well as the enemy's forces positions and the locations of enemy's facilities or installations.		The satellite navigation is applied to military missions for navigation purposes in enemy territories, and are especially important in absence of light in missions during the night. The military forces rely on GPS over conventional compasses, in order to obtain an accurate positioning of their own units, as well as the enemy's forces positions and the locations of enemy's facilities or installations. These positions coordinates can be acquired and distributed to other allied forces, in order to enhance the ground awareness picture.
	These positions coordinates can be acquired and distributed to other allied forces, in order to enhance the ground awareness picture.

	Satellite navigation is also used to plan and track the movements of convoys and to operations of search and rescue of injured soldiers, with considerable reduction of response time.		Satellite navigation is also used to plan and track the movements of convoys and to operations of search and rescue of injured soldiers, with considerable reduction of response time. Satellite navigation is used by military forces for ground navigation, aviation navigation and maritime navigation. Since military aviation navigation and maritime navigation are similar to their civilian counterparts this article will focus mostly on military ground navigation.

	== Application Architecture ==		== Application Architecture ==
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	Forces location information is fundamental in military procedures. GNSS systems can turn the locations of allied and enemy units into a simple task, with the proper equipments. With GNSS ubiquitous presence in military actions, troops must be constantly moving to avoid interceptions.		Forces location information is fundamental in military procedures. GNSS systems can turn the locations of allied and enemy units into a simple task, with the proper equipments. With GNSS ubiquitous presence in military actions, troops must be constantly moving to avoid interceptions.

	The tracking of troops is another useful application, since potential targets, must be tracked and monitored before an attack. This tracking procedures use other ~~technics~~ such as photo reconnaissance combined with GNSS information, to enhance the awareness and providing guidance information to bombing missions.		The tracking of troops is another useful application, since potential targets, must be tracked and monitored before an attack. This tracking procedures use other techniques such as photo reconnaissance combined with GNSS information, to enhance the awareness and providing guidance information to bombing missions.

	Aircraft navigation is a military application, that also used for civil purposes, as it is documented in [[Aviation Applications\|Aviation Applications]] article.		Aircraft navigation is a military application, that also used for civil purposes, as it is documented in [[Aviation Applications\|Aviation Applications]] article. The Maritime Navigation is also used by military vessels. In [[Maritime Applications\|Maritime Applications]] article there are examples of satellite navigation applied to maritime navigation civil domain.
	The Maritime Navigation is also used by military vessels. In [[Maritime Applications\|Maritime Applications]] article there are examples of satellite navigation applied to maritime navigation civil domain.

	=== Remotely Operated Vehicles ===		=== Remotely Operated Vehicles ===

	Nowadays, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have a prominent importance in military actions around the world, due to the capabilities of being remotely controlled in military bases, located on a different part of the globe.		Nowadays, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have a prominent importance in military actions around the world, due to the capabilities of being remotely controlled in military bases, located on a different part of the globe. The UAVs have increased the tracking and insight capabilities of enemy territories, in intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance activities.
	The UAVs have increased the tracking and insight capabilities of enemy territories, in intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance activities.

	The UAVs used in military application have a GNSS receiver installed, along with the cameras installed in vehicle, allowing pilots to operate the vehicle, away from the conflict region.		The UAVs used in military application have a GNSS receiver installed, along with the cameras installed in vehicle, allowing pilots to operate the vehicle, away from the conflict region.
	The GPS tracking systems are very effective in guiding the high-altitude UAVs controller in areas where the installed cameras fail, due to clouds or lower vision.		The GPS tracking systems are very effective in guiding the high-altitude UAVs controller in areas where the installed cameras fail, due to clouds or lower vision.

	The GNSS receivers can also be useful in [[Attitude_Determination\|Attitude Determination]] ~~procedures~~.		The GNSS receivers can also be useful for [[Attitude_Determination\|Attitude Determination]] in UAVs.

	=== Signal Jamming ===		=== Signal Jamming ===

	Signal jamming is a major thread to military operations based in GPS.		Signal jamming is a major thread to military operations based in GPS. The emergence of GPS jamming devices capable of broadcasting a signal in the same frequency used by satellite navigation to obtain location information, can drive to a disruption of satellite transmissions.
	The emergence of GPS jamming devices capable of broadcasting a signal in the same frequency used by satellite navigation to obtain location information, can drive to a disruption of satellite transmissions.

	There are some military applications like the GPS Jammer Location (JLOC) designed to monitor for GPS interference threats and provide alerts to military users in the field when a threat is detected.<ref>[http://www.pnt.gov/public/docs/2008/biennial2008.pdf Global Positioning System, A Report to Congress], DoD, October 2008</ref>		There are some military applications like the GPS Jammer Location (JLOC) designed to monitor for GPS interference threats and provide alerts to military users in the field when a threat is detected.<ref>[http://www.pnt.gov/public/docs/2008/biennial2008.pdf Global Positioning System, A Report to Congress], DoD, October 2008</ref>
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	* GPS-aided navigational systems for aircraft,		* GPS-aided navigational systems for aircraft,
	* GPS-aided navigational systems for unmanned aircraft,		* GPS-aided navigational systems for unmanned aircraft,
	* Navigational devices for ~~veihcles~~, or		* Navigational devices for vehicles, or
	* GNSS jammers or anti-jamming applications.		* GNSS jammers or anti-jamming applications.