GPS Future and Evolutions - Revision history

Gema.Cueto: /* New Civil Signals */

2021-01-29T11:47:25Z

New Civil Signals

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:47, 29 January 2021
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	* L5 (1176.45 MHz): L5 is broadcast in a radio band reserved exclusively for aviation safety services. Future aircraft will use L5 in combination with L1 C/A to improve accuracy (via ionospheric correction) and robustness (via signal redundancy). Beyond transportation, L5 will provide users worldwide with the most advanced civilian GPS signal, as it transmits at a higher power than current civil GPS signals, and has a wider bandwidth. Its lower frequency may also enhance reception for indoor users. It will be compatible with other GNSS systems, with the goal to be interoperable as well. This signal is available since the launch of the Block IIF satellites (May 28th 2010).		* L5 (1176.45 MHz): L5 is broadcast in a radio band reserved exclusively for aviation safety services. Future aircraft will use L5 in combination with L1 C/A to improve accuracy (via ionospheric correction) and robustness (via signal redundancy). Beyond transportation, L5 will provide users worldwide with the most advanced civilian GPS signal, as it transmits at a higher power than current civil GPS signals, and has a wider bandwidth. Its lower frequency may also enhance reception for indoor users. It will be compatible with other GNSS systems, with the goal to be interoperable as well. This signal is available since the launch of the Block IIF satellites (May 28th 2010).

	* L1C (1575.42 MHz): It has been designed for interoperability with Galileo. It will be backward compatible with the current civil signal on L1, be broadcast at a higher power level, and include advanced design for enhanced performance. The design will improve mobile GPS reception in cities and other challenging environments. Other satellite navigation providers are adopting L1C as a future standard for international interoperability. Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), and China's [[BeiDou_General_Introduction\|BeiDou System]] all plan to broadcast L1C. The first GPS satellite transmitting L1C signals was launched in December 2018. An enhancement to this L1C signal is being analysed, which is called CHIMERA (Chips Message Robust Authentication). This technique consists on adding encrypted watermarks to the L1C signal that not only let users know when a signal is being spoofed but also makes it possible to authenticate the location of a GPS receiver to another party.		* L1C (1575.42 MHz): It has been designed for interoperability with Galileo. It will be backward compatible with the current civil signal on L1, be broadcast at a higher power level, and include advanced design for enhanced performance. The design will improve mobile GPS reception in cities and other challenging environments. Other satellite navigation providers are adopting L1C as a future standard for international interoperability. Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), and China's [[BeiDou_General_Introduction\|BeiDou System]] all plan to broadcast L1C. The first GPS satellite transmitting L1C signals was launched in December 2018. An enhancement to this L1C signal is being analysed, which is called CHIMERA (Chips Message Robust Authentication). This technique consists on adding encrypted watermarks to the L1C signal that not only let users know when a signal is being spoofed but also makes it possible to [[GNSS Authentication and encryption \| authenticate]] the location of a GPS receiver to another party.

	Once L2C and L5 are fully operational, their features will obviate the need for codeless or semi-codeless GPS receivers, which many GPS professionals use today to attain very high accuracy. Such receivers work by exploiting characteristics of the encrypted military P(Y) signal at the L2 frequency to achieve dual-frequency capability. Then, the U.S. government encourages all users of codeless/semi-codeless GPS technology to plan on using the modernized civil signals by December 31, 2020, as P(Y) may change after that date.<ref name="NEW_SIGNALS">[https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/2006-fact-sheet.pdf GPS Modernization Fact Sheet]</ref>		Once L2C and L5 are fully operational, their features will obviate the need for codeless or semi-codeless GPS receivers, which many GPS professionals use today to attain very high accuracy. Such receivers work by exploiting characteristics of the encrypted military P(Y) signal at the L2 frequency to achieve dual-frequency capability. Then, the U.S. government encourages all users of codeless/semi-codeless GPS technology to plan on using the modernized civil signals by December 31, 2020, as P(Y) may change after that date.<ref name="NEW_SIGNALS">[https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/2006-fact-sheet.pdf GPS Modernization Fact Sheet]</ref>

Gema.Cueto: /* New Civil Signals */

2020-12-09T15:25:16Z

New Civil Signals

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:25, 9 December 2020
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	* L5 (1176.45 MHz): L5 is broadcast in a radio band reserved exclusively for aviation safety services. Future aircraft will use L5 in combination with L1 C/A to improve accuracy (via ionospheric correction) and robustness (via signal redundancy). Beyond transportation, L5 will provide users worldwide with the most advanced civilian GPS signal, as it transmits at a higher power than current civil GPS signals, and has a wider bandwidth. Its lower frequency may also enhance reception for indoor users. It will be compatible with other GNSS systems, with the goal to be interoperable as well. This signal is available since the launch of the Block IIF satellites (May 28th 2010).		* L5 (1176.45 MHz): L5 is broadcast in a radio band reserved exclusively for aviation safety services. Future aircraft will use L5 in combination with L1 C/A to improve accuracy (via ionospheric correction) and robustness (via signal redundancy). Beyond transportation, L5 will provide users worldwide with the most advanced civilian GPS signal, as it transmits at a higher power than current civil GPS signals, and has a wider bandwidth. Its lower frequency may also enhance reception for indoor users. It will be compatible with other GNSS systems, with the goal to be interoperable as well. This signal is available since the launch of the Block IIF satellites (May 28th 2010).

	* L1C (1575.42 MHz): It has been designed for interoperability with Galileo. It will be backward compatible with the current civil signal on L1, be broadcast at a higher power level, and include advanced design for enhanced performance. The design will improve mobile GPS reception in cities and other challenging environments. Other satellite navigation providers are adopting L1C as a future standard for international interoperability. Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), and China's [[BeiDou_General_Introduction\|BeiDou System]] all plan to broadcast L1C. The first GPS satellite transmitting L1C signals was launched in December 2018.		* L1C (1575.42 MHz): It has been designed for interoperability with Galileo. It will be backward compatible with the current civil signal on L1, be broadcast at a higher power level, and include advanced design for enhanced performance. The design will improve mobile GPS reception in cities and other challenging environments. Other satellite navigation providers are adopting L1C as a future standard for international interoperability. Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), and China's [[BeiDou_General_Introduction\|BeiDou System]] all plan to broadcast L1C. The first GPS satellite transmitting L1C signals was launched in December 2018. An enhancement to this L1C signal is being analysed, which is called CHIMERA (Chips Message Robust Authentication). This technique consists on adding encrypted watermarks to the L1C signal that not only let users know when a signal is being spoofed but also makes it possible to authenticate the location of a GPS receiver to another party.

	Once L2C and L5 are fully operational, their features will obviate the need for codeless or semi-codeless GPS receivers, which many GPS professionals use today to attain very high accuracy. Such receivers work by exploiting characteristics of the encrypted military P(Y) signal at the L2 frequency to achieve dual-frequency capability. Then, the U.S. government encourages all users of codeless/semi-codeless GPS technology to plan on using the modernized civil signals by December 31, 2020, as P(Y) may change after that date.<ref name="NEW_SIGNALS">[https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/2006-fact-sheet.pdf GPS Modernization Fact Sheet]</ref>		Once L2C and L5 are fully operational, their features will obviate the need for codeless or semi-codeless GPS receivers, which many GPS professionals use today to attain very high accuracy. Such receivers work by exploiting characteristics of the encrypted military P(Y) signal at the L2 frequency to achieve dual-frequency capability. Then, the U.S. government encourages all users of codeless/semi-codeless GPS technology to plan on using the modernized civil signals by December 31, 2020, as P(Y) may change after that date.<ref name="NEW_SIGNALS">[https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/2006-fact-sheet.pdf GPS Modernization Fact Sheet]</ref>

Gema.Cueto: /* New GPS satellites */

2020-11-30T09:23:16Z

New GPS satellites

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:23, 30 November 2020
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	* GPS Block IIF		* GPS Block IIF
	: The IIF series expand on the capabilities of the IIR(M) series with the addition of a third civil signal in a frequency protected for safety-of-life transportation. The "F" in IIF stands for follow-on. Compared to previous generations, GPS IIF satellites have a longer life expectancy and a higher accuracy requirement. Each spacecraft uses a mix of rubidium and cesium atomic clocks to keep time within 8 billionths of a second per day. The IIF series will improve the accuracy, signal strength, and quality of GPS. Developed by [http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/gps/ Boeing], the IIF series includes a total of 12 satellites: SVN-62 through SVN-73. The first IIF satellite was launched in May 2010. On March 25, 2015, the IIF-9 satellite was successfully launched aboard a Delta IV launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral, Air Force Station in Florida. This satellite, identified by SVN-71 and PRN-26 replaced the SVN-35 operating in the B plane slot 1F<ref>[http://insidegnss.com/u-s-air-force-gets-another-gps-satellite-into-space/ U.S. Air Force Gets Another GPS Satellite into Space], InsideGNSS, March 25, 2015</ref~~><ref name="GPS Constellation Status"/~~>. The key improvements of this block are: operational version of the third civilian GPS signal (L5) for transportation safety, 12-year design lifespan and extremely accurate atomic clocks.		: The IIF series expand on the capabilities of the IIR(M) series with the addition of a third civil signal in a frequency protected for safety-of-life transportation. The "F" in IIF stands for follow-on. Compared to previous generations, GPS IIF satellites have a longer life expectancy and a higher accuracy requirement. Each spacecraft uses a mix of rubidium and cesium atomic clocks to keep time within 8 billionths of a second per day. The IIF series will improve the accuracy, signal strength, and quality of GPS. Developed by [http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/gps/ Boeing], the IIF series includes a total of 12 satellites: SVN-62 through SVN-73. The first IIF satellite was launched in May 2010. On March 25, 2015, the IIF-9 satellite was successfully launched aboard a Delta IV launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral, Air Force Station in Florida. This satellite, identified by SVN-71 and PRN-26 replaced the SVN-35 operating in the B plane slot 1F<ref>[http://insidegnss.com/u-s-air-force-gets-another-gps-satellite-into-space/ U.S. Air Force Gets Another GPS Satellite into Space], InsideGNSS, March 25, 2015</ref>. The key improvements of this block are: operational version of the third civilian GPS signal (L5) for transportation safety, 12-year design lifespan and extremely accurate atomic clocks.

	: In a Notice to NAVSTAR Users (NANU 2015028), the U.S. Air Force announced that the ninth GPS-IIF satellite, SVN-71/PRN-26, launched on March 25, 2015, completed its operational checkout and was set to healthy and usable on Monday (April 20, 2015).<ref name="GPS_IIF_HEALTHY">[http://insidegnss.com/air-force-sets-latest-gps-satellite-healthy/ Air Force Sets Latest GPS Satellite 'Healthy']</ref>		: In a Notice to NAVSTAR Users (NANU 2015028), the U.S. Air Force announced that the ninth GPS-IIF satellite, SVN-71/PRN-26, launched on March 25, 2015, completed its operational checkout and was set to healthy and usable on Monday (April 20, 2015).<ref name="GPS_IIF_HEALTHY">[http://insidegnss.com/air-force-sets-latest-gps-satellite-healthy/ Air Force Sets Latest GPS Satellite 'Healthy']</ref>

Gema.Cueto: /* New Control Segment */

2020-11-30T09:18:24Z

New Control Segment

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:18, 30 November 2020
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	===New Control Segment===		===New Control Segment===

	Regarding the Ground Segment, the new Operational Control Segment (OCX) will replace the current GPS Operational Control System placed at Schriever Air Force Base.<ref name=NEW_OCX>[http://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/meetings/2010-10/canty.pdf GPS OCX Update]</ref> The OCX will maintain backwards compatibility with the Block IIR and IIR-M constellation satellites, providing command and control of the new GPS IIF and GPS III families of satellites, and enabling new modernized civil signal capabilities.<ref name=NEW_OCX/> According to Raytheon<ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/gps_ocx/ Global Positioning System Next Generation Operational Control System (GPS OCX), press release, Raytheon</ref> the "OCX is the next generation operational gateway service designed to provide secure, accurate and reliable navigation and timing information to effectively support military, commercial and civil users. It will include enhanced space launch support, increased situational awareness for GPS operators and support for future satellite blocks with advanced capabilities such as new signals, NAVWAR capabilities, high-speed cross-links and additional payloads."		Regarding the Ground Segment, the new Operational Control Segment (OCX) will replace the current GPS Operational Control System placed at Schriever Air Force Base.<ref name=NEW_OCX>[http://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/meetings/2010-10/canty.pdf GPS OCX Update]</ref> The OCX will maintain backwards compatibility with the Block IIR and IIR-M constellation satellites, providing command and control of the new GPS IIF and GPS III families of satellites, and enabling new modernized civil signal capabilities.<ref name=NEW_OCX/> According to Raytheon<ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/gps_ocx/ Global Positioning System Next Generation Operational Control System (GPS OCX), press release, Raytheon]</ref> the "OCX is the next generation operational gateway service designed to provide secure, accurate and reliable navigation and timing information to effectively support military, commercial and civil users. It will include enhanced space launch support, increased situational awareness for GPS operators and support for future satellite blocks with advanced capabilities such as new signals, NAVWAR capabilities, high-speed cross-links and additional payloads."

	With a dedicated classified facility, OCX will support advanced mission planning for the Department of Defense users.<ref>[http://insidegnss.com/a-closer-look-at-the-gps-ocx-contract/ A Closer Look at the GPS OCX Contract, InsideGNSS, March/April 2010.]</ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/ Raytheon] won the contract to build the Next Generation GPS Control Segment (OCX) on March 2010.<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/congress/newsletter/2010/04.pdf OCX contract awarded]</ref>		With a dedicated classified facility, OCX will support advanced mission planning for the Department of Defense users.<ref>[http://insidegnss.com/a-closer-look-at-the-gps-ocx-contract/ A Closer Look at the GPS OCX Contract, InsideGNSS, March/April 2010.]</ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/ Raytheon] won the contract to build the Next Generation GPS Control Segment (OCX) on March 2010.<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/congress/newsletter/2010/04.pdf OCX contract awarded]</ref>

Gema.Cueto: /* New Control Segment */

2020-11-30T09:15:25Z

New Control Segment

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:15, 30 November 2020
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	With a dedicated classified facility, OCX will support advanced mission planning for the Department of Defense users.<ref>[http://insidegnss.com/a-closer-look-at-the-gps-ocx-contract/ A Closer Look at the GPS OCX Contract, InsideGNSS, March/April 2010.]</ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/ Raytheon] won the contract to build the Next Generation GPS Control Segment (OCX) on March 2010.<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/congress/newsletter/2010/04.pdf OCX contract awarded]</ref>		With a dedicated classified facility, OCX will support advanced mission planning for the Department of Defense users.<ref>[http://insidegnss.com/a-closer-look-at-the-gps-ocx-contract/ A Closer Look at the GPS OCX Contract, InsideGNSS, March/April 2010.]</ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/ Raytheon] won the contract to build the Next Generation GPS Control Segment (OCX) on March 2010.<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/congress/newsletter/2010/04.pdf OCX contract awarded]</ref>

	The OCX development is split into three phases<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/control/ Control Segment], Official U.S. Government information about the Global Positioning System (GPS) and related topics</ref><ref name="ION_2014">[https://www.gps.gov/multimedia/presentations/2014/09/ION/smitham.pdf GPS Program Update to ION GNSS+ 2014, Col Matthew Smitham Deputy Director, GPS Directorate, ION GNSS+ 2014, September 8-12, 2014, Tampa, Florida, USA]</ref>:		The OCX development is split into three phases<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/control/ Control Segment], Official U.S. Government information about the Global Positioning System (GPS) and related topics</ref><ref name="ION_2014">[https://www.gps.gov/multimedia/presentations/2014/09/ION/smitham.pdf GPS Program Update to ION GNSS+ 2014], Col Matthew Smitham Deputy Director, GPS Directorate, ION GNSS+ 2014, September 8-12, 2014, Tampa, Florida, USA</ref>:
	* Block 0 is the Launch and Control System (LCS) intended to control Launch and Early Orbit (LEO) operations and the on-orbit checkout of all GPS III satellites. OCX Block 0 is a subset of OCX Block 1 providing the hardware, software, and cybersecurity base for Block 1.		* Block 0 is the Launch and Control System (LCS) intended to control Launch and Early Orbit (LEO) operations and the on-orbit checkout of all GPS III satellites. OCX Block 0 is a subset of OCX Block 1 providing the hardware, software, and cybersecurity base for Block 1.
	* Block 1 fields the operational capability to control all legacy satellites and civil signals (L1 C/A), military signals (L1P(Y), L2P(Y)) as well as the GPS III satellites and the modernized civil signal (L2C) and the aviation safety-of-flight signal (L5). In addition, Block 1 will field the basic operational capability to control the modernized military signals (L1M and L2M (M-Code)), and the globally compatible signal (L1C). It also fully meets information assurance/cyber defense requirements.		* Block 1 fields the operational capability to control all legacy satellites and civil signals (L1 C/A), military signals (L1P(Y), L2P(Y)) as well as the GPS III satellites and the modernized civil signal (L2C) and the aviation safety-of-flight signal (L5). In addition, Block 1 will field the basic operational capability to control the modernized military signals (L1M and L2M (M-Code)), and the globally compatible signal (L1C). It also fully meets information assurance/cyber defense requirements.

Gema.Cueto: /* New Control Segment */

2020-11-30T09:14:47Z

New Control Segment

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:14, 30 November 2020
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	With a dedicated classified facility, OCX will support advanced mission planning for the Department of Defense users.<ref>[http://insidegnss.com/a-closer-look-at-the-gps-ocx-contract/ A Closer Look at the GPS OCX Contract, InsideGNSS, March/April 2010.]</ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/ Raytheon] won the contract to build the Next Generation GPS Control Segment (OCX) on March 2010.<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/congress/newsletter/2010/04.pdf OCX contract awarded]</ref>		With a dedicated classified facility, OCX will support advanced mission planning for the Department of Defense users.<ref>[http://insidegnss.com/a-closer-look-at-the-gps-ocx-contract/ A Closer Look at the GPS OCX Contract, InsideGNSS, March/April 2010.]</ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/ Raytheon] won the contract to build the Next Generation GPS Control Segment (OCX) on March 2010.<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/congress/newsletter/2010/04.pdf OCX contract awarded]</ref>

	The OCX development is split into three phases<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/control/ Control Segment], Official U.S. Government information about the Global Positioning System (GPS) and related topics</ref><ref name=ION_2014/>:		The OCX development is split into three phases<ref>[http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/control/ Control Segment], Official U.S. Government information about the Global Positioning System (GPS) and related topics</ref><ref name="ION_2014">[https://www.gps.gov/multimedia/presentations/2014/09/ION/smitham.pdf GPS Program Update to ION GNSS+ 2014, Col Matthew Smitham Deputy Director, GPS Directorate, ION GNSS+ 2014, September 8-12, 2014, Tampa, Florida, USA]</ref>:
	* Block 0 is the Launch and Control System (LCS) intended to control Launch and Early Orbit (LEO) operations and the on-orbit checkout of all GPS III satellites. OCX Block 0 is a subset of OCX Block 1 providing the hardware, software, and cybersecurity base for Block 1.		* Block 0 is the Launch and Control System (LCS) intended to control Launch and Early Orbit (LEO) operations and the on-orbit checkout of all GPS III satellites. OCX Block 0 is a subset of OCX Block 1 providing the hardware, software, and cybersecurity base for Block 1.
	* Block 1 fields the operational capability to control all legacy satellites and civil signals (L1 C/A), military signals (L1P(Y), L2P(Y)) as well as the GPS III satellites and the modernized civil signal (L2C) and the aviation safety-of-flight signal (L5). In addition, Block 1 will field the basic operational capability to control the modernized military signals (L1M and L2M (M-Code)), and the globally compatible signal (L1C). It also fully meets information assurance/cyber defense requirements.		* Block 1 fields the operational capability to control all legacy satellites and civil signals (L1 C/A), military signals (L1P(Y), L2P(Y)) as well as the GPS III satellites and the modernized civil signal (L2C) and the aviation safety-of-flight signal (L5). In addition, Block 1 will field the basic operational capability to control the modernized military signals (L1M and L2M (M-Code)), and the globally compatible signal (L1C). It also fully meets information assurance/cyber defense requirements.

Gema.Cueto: /* New Civil Signals */

2020-11-30T09:10:47Z

New Civil Signals

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:10, 30 November 2020
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	* L1C (1575.42 MHz): It has been designed for interoperability with Galileo. It will be backward compatible with the current civil signal on L1, be broadcast at a higher power level, and include advanced design for enhanced performance. The design will improve mobile GPS reception in cities and other challenging environments. Other satellite navigation providers are adopting L1C as a future standard for international interoperability. Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), and China's [[BeiDou_General_Introduction\|BeiDou System]] all plan to broadcast L1C. The first GPS satellite transmitting L1C signals was launched in December 2018.		* L1C (1575.42 MHz): It has been designed for interoperability with Galileo. It will be backward compatible with the current civil signal on L1, be broadcast at a higher power level, and include advanced design for enhanced performance. The design will improve mobile GPS reception in cities and other challenging environments. Other satellite navigation providers are adopting L1C as a future standard for international interoperability. Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), and China's [[BeiDou_General_Introduction\|BeiDou System]] all plan to broadcast L1C. The first GPS satellite transmitting L1C signals was launched in December 2018.

	Once L2C and L5 are fully operational, their features will obviate the need for codeless or semi-codeless GPS receivers, which many GPS professionals use today to attain very high accuracy. Such receivers work by exploiting characteristics of the encrypted military P(Y) signal at the L2 frequency to achieve dual-frequency capability. Then, the U.S. government encourages all users of codeless/semi-codeless GPS technology to plan on using the modernized civil signals by December 31, 2020, as P(Y) may change after that date.<ref name=NEW_SIGNALS/>		Once L2C and L5 are fully operational, their features will obviate the need for codeless or semi-codeless GPS receivers, which many GPS professionals use today to attain very high accuracy. Such receivers work by exploiting characteristics of the encrypted military P(Y) signal at the L2 frequency to achieve dual-frequency capability. Then, the U.S. government encourages all users of codeless/semi-codeless GPS technology to plan on using the modernized civil signals by December 31, 2020, as P(Y) may change after that date.<ref name="NEW_SIGNALS">[https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/2006-fact-sheet.pdf GPS Modernization Fact Sheet]</ref>

	In addition to the civil signals, it is planned to include a new military signal, the M-code, in L1 and L2 frequencies<ref>[http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/ModernizedL2CivilSignal.pdf The Modernized L2 Civil Signal, by Richard D. Fontana, Wai Cheung, and Tom Stansell, GPS World September 2001]</ref>.		In addition to the civil signals, it is planned to include a new military signal, the M-code, in L1 and L2 frequencies<ref>[http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/ModernizedL2CivilSignal.pdf The Modernized L2 Civil Signal, by Richard D. Fontana, Wai Cheung, and Tom Stansell, GPS World September 2001]</ref>.

Gema.Cueto: /* GPS Future on Interoperability */

2020-11-30T09:03:42Z

GPS Future on Interoperability

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 30 November 2020
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	As new and restored global and regional spacebased navigation systems emerge, interoperability continues to be the key to GNSS future.<ref name=INTER/> International cooperation on satellite navigation issues is a priority for the U.S. Government. The U.S. actively engages in: <ref name=INTER/>		As new and restored global and regional spacebased navigation systems emerge, interoperability continues to be the key to GNSS future.<ref name=INTER/> International cooperation on satellite navigation issues is a priority for the U.S. Government. The U.S. actively engages in: <ref name=INTER/>
	* bi-lateral cooperation: Europe, Japan, India, Russia ;		* bi-lateral cooperation: Europe, Japan, India, Russia ;
	* multi-lateral cooperation: International Committee on GNSS (ICG), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), [http://www.icao.int International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)], [http://www.imo.org International Maritime Organization (IMO)], [http://www.itu.int International Telecommunication Union (ITU)].		* multi-lateral cooperation: International Committee on GNSS (ICG), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), [http://www.icao.int International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)], [http://www.imo.org International Maritime Organization (IMO)], [http://www.itu.int International Telecommunication Union (ITU)] International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

	The main objective of the [http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SAP/gnss/icg.html International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems] (ICG) is to ensure Compatibility and Interoperability between the GNSS systems. The ideal interoperability allows navigation with one signal each from four or more systems with no additional receiver cost or complexity.<ref name=INTER>[http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/cgsicmeetings/49/Reports/%5B07%5DWorldwide_GNSS_Interoperability_Wong_v1.pdf Worldwide GNSS Interoperability, Civil Global Positioning System Service Interface Committee, Alice Wong, Senior Advisor on GNSS, Office of Space and Advanced Technology Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science, U.S. Department of State, September 21, 2009]</ref> A dedicated ICG Working Group on Interoperability has been created.		The main objective of the [http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SAP/gnss/icg.html International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems] (ICG) is to ensure Compatibility and Interoperability between the GNSS systems. The ideal interoperability allows navigation with one signal each from four or more systems with no additional receiver cost or complexity.<ref name=INTER>[http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/cgsicmeetings/49/Reports/%5B07%5DWorldwide_GNSS_Interoperability_Wong_v1.pdf Worldwide GNSS Interoperability, Civil Global Positioning System Service Interface Committee, Alice Wong, Senior Advisor on GNSS, Office of Space and Advanced Technology Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science, U.S. Department of State, September 21, 2009]</ref> A dedicated ICG Working Group on Interoperability has been created.

Gema.Cueto: /* New Civil Signals */

2020-11-30T09:00:34Z

New Civil Signals

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:00, 30 November 2020
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	Aimed at improving the performance for civilian users, the GPS is in the process of fielding three new signals designed for civilian use: L2C, L5, and L1C. The legacy civil signal, called L1 C/A or C/A at L1, will continue broadcasting in the future, for a total of four civil GPS signals. Users must upgrade their equipment to benefit from the new signals.		Aimed at improving the performance for civilian users, the GPS is in the process of fielding three new signals designed for civilian use: L2C, L5, and L1C. The legacy civil signal, called L1 C/A or C/A at L1, will continue broadcasting in the future, for a total of four civil GPS signals. Users must upgrade their equipment to benefit from the new signals.

	* L2C (1227.6 MHz): it is the second civilian GPS signal, designed specifically to meet commercial needs. It enables the development of dual-frequency civil GPS receivers to correct the ionospheric group delay. For professional users with existing dual-frequency operations, L2C delivers faster signal acquisition, enhanced reliability, and greater operating range. L2C broadcasts at a higher effective power than the legacy L1 C/A signal, making it easier to receive under trees and even indoors. This signal is available since 2005, with the launch of the first IIR-M satellite<ref>[https://web.stanford.edu/group/scpnt/pnt/PNT10/presentation_slides/2-PNT_Symposium_Gruber.pdf GPS Modernization and Program Update, Bernie Gruber]</ref>. Every GPS satellite launched since then has included an L2C transmitter. In April 2014, CNAV messages on the L2C signals started to be broadcast. L2C remains in pre-operational status.		* L2C (1227.6 MHz): it is the second civilian GPS signal, designed specifically to meet commercial needs. It enables the development of dual-frequency civil GPS receivers to correct the ionospheric group delay. For professional users with existing dual-frequency operations, L2C delivers faster signal acquisition, enhanced reliability, and greater operating range. L2C broadcasts at a higher effective power than the legacy L1 C/A signal, making it easier to receive under trees and even indoors. This signal is available since 2005, with the launch of the first IIR-M satellite<ref>[https://web.stanford.edu/group/scpnt/pnt/PNT10/presentation_slides/2-PNT_Symposium_Gruber.pdf GPS Modernization and Program Update, Bernie Gruber]</ref>. Every GPS satellite launched since then has included an L2C transmitter.

			: In April 2014, CNAV messages on the L2C signals started to be broadcast. L2C remains in pre-operational status.

	* L5 (1176.45 MHz): L5 is broadcast in a radio band reserved exclusively for aviation safety services. Future aircraft will use L5 in combination with L1 C/A to improve accuracy (via ionospheric correction) and robustness (via signal redundancy). Beyond transportation, L5 will provide users worldwide with the most advanced civilian GPS signal, as it transmits at a higher power than current civil GPS signals, and has a wider bandwidth. Its lower frequency may also enhance reception for indoor users. It will be compatible with other GNSS systems, with the goal to be interoperable as well. This signal is available since the launch of the Block IIF satellites (May 28th 2010).		* L5 (1176.45 MHz): L5 is broadcast in a radio band reserved exclusively for aviation safety services. Future aircraft will use L5 in combination with L1 C/A to improve accuracy (via ionospheric correction) and robustness (via signal redundancy). Beyond transportation, L5 will provide users worldwide with the most advanced civilian GPS signal, as it transmits at a higher power than current civil GPS signals, and has a wider bandwidth. Its lower frequency may also enhance reception for indoor users. It will be compatible with other GNSS systems, with the goal to be interoperable as well. This signal is available since the launch of the Block IIF satellites (May 28th 2010).

Gema.Cueto: /* New GPS satellites */

2020-11-30T08:59:51Z

New GPS satellites

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:59, 30 November 2020
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	* GPS Block III (Increment IIIA and beyond)		* GPS Block III (Increment IIIA and beyond)
	: The GPS III series is the future block of GPS satellites (SVN-74 and up). GPS III will provide more powerful signals in addition to enhanced signal reliability, accuracy, and integrity, all of which will support precision, navigation, and timing services. The first set of these satellites, under development by [http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/gps.html Lockheed Martin], is designated GPS IIIA. The key improvements of GPS IIIA are: fourth civilian GPS signal (L1C) for international interoperability, 15-year design lifespan. The first GPS Block III satellite was launched in December 2018.		: The GPS III series is the future block of GPS satellites (SVN-74 and up). GPS III will provide more powerful signals in addition to enhanced signal reliability, accuracy, and integrity, all of which will support precision, navigation, and timing services. The first set of these satellites, under development by [http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/gps.html Lockheed Martin], is designated GPS IIIA. The key improvements of GPS IIIA are: fourth civilian GPS signal (L1C) for international interoperability, 15-year design lifespan. The first GPS Block III satellite was launched in December 2018.
	GPS IIIF, will deliver GPS III satellites beyond the first ten SVs being delivered by the GPS III program. GPS IIIF SVs (11-32) will introduce new capabilities to meet increased demands of both military and civilian users. They will maintain the technical baseline of GPS III but reducing the overall size, weight, and power required to satisfy the positioning, navigation, timing and Nuclear Detonation Detection System (NDS) mission areas with a redesigned NDS. It also looks to bring aboard new capabilities by hosting a Search and Rescue GPS payload designed to assist with the global search and rescue mission area. It enables precision ranging measurements by hosting a Laser Retro-Reflector array. It will address the consolidation of telemetry, tracking, and commanding frequencies by enabling compliance with the Unified S-Band capabilities. Finally, the program will look to address increased anti-jam capabilities for the military with a Regional Military Protection capability.
			: GPS IIIF, will deliver GPS III satellites beyond the first ten SVs being delivered by the GPS III program. GPS IIIF SVs (11-32) will introduce new capabilities to meet increased demands of both military and civilian users. They will maintain the technical baseline of GPS III but reducing the overall size, weight, and power required to satisfy the positioning, navigation, timing and Nuclear Detonation Detection System (NDS) mission areas with a redesigned NDS. It also looks to bring aboard new capabilities by hosting a Search and Rescue GPS payload designed to assist with the global search and rescue mission area. It enables precision ranging measurements by hosting a Laser Retro-Reflector array. It will address the consolidation of telemetry, tracking, and commanding frequencies by enabling compliance with the Unified S-Band capabilities. Finally, the program will look to address increased anti-jam capabilities for the military with a Regional Military Protection capability.

	===Modern technologies===		===Modern technologies===