https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies
Carrier phase ambiguity fixing with three frequencies - Revision history
2026-10-15T12:46:14Z
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https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=11562&oldid=prev
Carlos.Lopez at 11:25, 23 February 2012
2012-02-23T11:25:37Z
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Carlos.Lopez
https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=10963&oldid=prev
Jaume.Sanz at 17:45, 1 February 2012
2012-02-01T17:45:31Z
<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></math></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></math></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::Thence, being the <math>\Delta \nabla N_{EW}</math> ambiguity fixed, the limiting factor in this equation would be the carrier phase multipath. Notice that the carrier phase noise in the extra-wide-lane combination is several times larger than in the original signals. That is <math>\sigma_{_{\Phi_{EW}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{_{23}}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{_{23}}}-1}\;\sigma\simeq 55\,\sigma</math>, where <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{\Phi_{E5b}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{\Phi_{E5a}}}</math><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::Thence, being the <math>\Delta \nabla N_{EW}</math> ambiguity fixed, the limiting factor in this equation would be the carrier phase multipath. Notice that the carrier phase noise in the extra-wide-lane combination is several times larger than in the original signals. That is <math>\sigma_{_{\Phi_{EW}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{_{23}}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{_{23}}}-1}\;\sigma\simeq 55\,\sigma</math>, where <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{\Phi_{E5b}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{\Phi_{E5a}}}</math></div></td></tr>
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Jaume.Sanz
https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=10962&oldid=prev
Jaume.Sanz at 17:44, 1 February 2012
2012-02-01T17:44:11Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></math></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></math></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::Thence, being the <math>\Delta \nabla N_{EW}</math> ambiguity fixed, the limiting factor in this equation would be the carrier phase multipath. Notice that the carrier phase noise in the extra-wide-lane combination is several times larger than in the original signals. That is <math>\sigma_{_{\Phi_{EW}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{_{23}}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{_{23}}}-1}\;\sigma\simeq 55\,\sigma</math>, where <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{\Phi_{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E1b</del>}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{\Phi_{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E1a</del>}}}</math>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::Thence, being the <math>\Delta \nabla N_{EW}</math> ambiguity fixed, the limiting factor in this equation would be the carrier phase multipath. Notice that the carrier phase noise in the extra-wide-lane combination is several times larger than in the original signals. That is <math>\sigma_{_{\Phi_{EW}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{_{23}}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{_{23}}}-1}\;\sigma\simeq 55\,\sigma</math>, where <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{\Phi_{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E5b</ins>}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{\Phi_{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E5a</ins>}}}</math>.</div></td></tr>
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Jaume.Sanz
https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=10961&oldid=prev
Jaume.Sanz at 17:40, 1 February 2012
2012-02-01T17:40:07Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::As it is shown in figure 1 (see [[GNSS Measurement features and noise]]), the code noise in the extra-narrow-lane combination <math>\Delta \nabla R_{EN}</math> is reduced by a factor <ref group="footnotes"> <math>\sigma_{_{R_{EN}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{23}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{23}}+1}\,\sigma \simeq 1/\sqrt{2}\,\sigma</math>, where uncorrelated errors are assumed and with the same noise <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{R_{E5b}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{{E5a}}}</math>.</ref> about <math>\sqrt{2}</math> and, on the other hand, the ambiguity spacing is enlarged by the extra-wide-lane combination. If the frequencies of table 1 are used, thence <math>\lambda_{_{EW}}=9.678\,m</math>, which means about 10 times the <math>\lambda_{_{W}}</math> and about 50 times the <math>\lambda_1</math> ambiguity spacing.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::As it is shown in figure 1 (see [[GNSS Measurement features and noise]]), the code noise in the extra-narrow-lane combination <math>\Delta \nabla R_{EN}</math> is reduced by a factor <ref group="footnotes"> <math>\sigma_{_{R_{EN}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{23}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{23}}+1}\,\sigma \simeq 1/\sqrt{2}\,\sigma</math>, where uncorrelated errors are assumed and with the same noise <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{R_{E5b}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">R_</ins>{E5a}}}</math>.</ref> about <math>\sqrt{2}</math> and, on the other hand, the ambiguity spacing is enlarged by the extra-wide-lane combination. If the frequencies of table 1 are used, thence <math>\lambda_{_{EW}}=9.678\,m</math>, which means about 10 times the <math>\lambda_{_{W}}</math> and about 50 times the <math>\lambda_1</math> ambiguity spacing.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::{|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::{|</div></td></tr>
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Jaume.Sanz
https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=10960&oldid=prev
Jaume.Sanz at 17:38, 1 February 2012
2012-02-01T17:38:48Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:38, 1 February 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::As it is shown in figure 1 (see [[GNSS Measurement features and noise]]), the code noise in the extra-narrow-lane combination <math>\Delta \nabla R_{EN}</math> is reduced by a factor <ref group="footnotes"> <math>\sigma_{_{R_{EN}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{23}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{23}}+1}\,\sigma \simeq 1/\sqrt{2}\,\sigma</math>, where uncorrelated errors are assumed and with the same noise <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{R_{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E1</del>}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E1b</del>}}}</math>.</ref> about <math>\sqrt{2}</math> and, on the other hand, the ambiguity spacing is enlarged by the extra-wide-lane combination. If the frequencies of table 1 are used, thence <math>\lambda_{_{EW}}=9.678\,m</math>, which means about 10 times the <math>\lambda_{_{W}}</math> and about 50 times the <math>\lambda_1</math> ambiguity spacing.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::As it is shown in figure 1 (see [[GNSS Measurement features and noise]]), the code noise in the extra-narrow-lane combination <math>\Delta \nabla R_{EN}</math> is reduced by a factor <ref group="footnotes"> <math>\sigma_{_{R_{EN}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{23}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{23}}+1}\,\sigma \simeq 1/\sqrt{2}\,\sigma</math>, where uncorrelated errors are assumed and with the same noise <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{R_{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E5b</ins>}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E5a</ins>}}}</math>.</ref> about <math>\sqrt{2}</math> and, on the other hand, the ambiguity spacing is enlarged by the extra-wide-lane combination. If the frequencies of table 1 are used, thence <math>\lambda_{_{EW}}=9.678\,m</math>, which means about 10 times the <math>\lambda_{_{W}}</math> and about 50 times the <math>\lambda_1</math> ambiguity spacing.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
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Jaume.Sanz
https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=10959&oldid=prev
Jaume.Sanz at 17:37, 1 February 2012
2012-02-01T17:37:36Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::As it is shown in figure 1 (see [[GNSS Measurement features and noise]]), the code noise in the extra-narrow-lane combination <math>\Delta \nabla R_{EN}</math> is reduced by a factor <ref group="footnotes"> <math>\sigma_{_{R_{EN}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">12</del>}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">12</del>}}+1}\,\sigma \simeq 1/\sqrt{2}\,\sigma</math>, where uncorrelated errors are assumed and with the same noise <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{R_{E1}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{{E1b}}}</math>.</ref> about <math>\sqrt{2}</math> and, on the other hand, the ambiguity spacing is enlarged by the extra-wide-lane combination. If the frequencies of table 1 are used, thence <math>\lambda_{_{EW}}=9.678\,m</math>, which means about 10 times the <math>\lambda_{_{W}}</math> and about 50 times the <math>\lambda_1</math> ambiguity spacing.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::As it is shown in figure 1 (see [[GNSS Measurement features and noise]]), the code noise in the extra-narrow-lane combination <math>\Delta \nabla R_{EN}</math> is reduced by a factor <ref group="footnotes"> <math>\sigma_{_{R_{EN}}}\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\gamma_{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">23</ins>}+1}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">23</ins>}}+1}\,\sigma \simeq 1/\sqrt{2}\,\sigma</math>, where uncorrelated errors are assumed and with the same noise <math>\sigma\equiv\sigma_{_{R_{E1}}}\simeq\sigma_{_{{E1b}}}</math>.</ref> about <math>\sqrt{2}</math> and, on the other hand, the ambiguity spacing is enlarged by the extra-wide-lane combination. If the frequencies of table 1 are used, thence <math>\lambda_{_{EW}}=9.678\,m</math>, which means about 10 times the <math>\lambda_{_{W}}</math> and about 50 times the <math>\lambda_1</math> ambiguity spacing.</div></td></tr>
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Jaume.Sanz
https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=10940&oldid=prev
Jaume.Sanz at 15:37, 1 February 2012
2012-02-01T15:37:38Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Notice that, as in the two frequencies case studied in the previous section, this equation is affected by the ionospheric refraction decorrelation with the distance, limiting the ambiguity fixing to short baselines (as in the TCAR or CIR techniques) if an accurate prediction of <math>\Delta \nabla I</math> is not available for the user. Thence, the [[WARTK Fundamentals|WARTK]] [Hernandez-Pajares et al., 2000] <ref> [Hernandez-Pajares et al., 2000] Hernandez-Pajares, M., Juan, J., Sanz, J. and Colombo, O., 2000. Application of ionospheric tomography to real-time GPS carrier-phase ambiguities resolution, at scales of 400-1000 Km and with high ionospheric activity. Geophysical research letters. </ref> allows to extend the baselines up to hundreds of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Kilometres </del>thanks to an accurate modelling of the ionosphere.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Notice that, as in the two frequencies case studied in the previous section, this equation is affected by the ionospheric refraction decorrelation with the distance, limiting the ambiguity fixing to short baselines (as in the TCAR or CIR techniques) if an accurate prediction of <math>\Delta \nabla I</math> is not available for the user. Thence, the [[WARTK Fundamentals|WARTK]] [Hernandez-Pajares et al., 2000] <ref> [Hernandez-Pajares et al., 2000] Hernandez-Pajares, M., Juan, J., Sanz, J. and Colombo, O., 2000. Application of ionospheric tomography to real-time GPS carrier-phase ambiguities resolution, at scales of 400-1000 Km and with high ionospheric activity. Geophysical research letters. </ref> allows to extend the baselines up to hundreds of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kilometres </ins>thanks to an accurate modelling of the ionosphere.</div></td></tr>
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</table>
Jaume.Sanz
https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=10939&oldid=prev
Jaume.Sanz at 15:29, 1 February 2012
2012-02-01T15:29:24Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Title={{PAGENAME}}</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Authors=J. Sanz Subirana, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">J.M</ins>. Juan Zornoza and M. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hernández</ins>-Pajares, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Technical </ins>University of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Catalonia</ins>, Spain.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Authors= J. Sanz Subirana, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">JM</del>. Juan Zornoza and M. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hernandez</del>-Pajares, University of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Catalunia</del>, Spain.</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Title={{PAGENAME}}</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With two frequency signals, in [[RTK Fundamentals|RTK]] or [[WARTK Fundamentals|WARTK]], the convergence time is linked to the wide-lane ambiguity (<math>\Delta \nabla N_W</math>) fixing. With three frequency systems, using two close frequency signals, it is possible to generate an extra-wide-lane signal to enable the single epoch wide-lane ambiguity fixing. That is, without needing the time span required by equation (1) to smooth the code noise up to the roundoff threshold (see [[Carrier phase ambiguity fixing with two frequencies]]).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With two frequency signals, in [[RTK Fundamentals|RTK]] or [[WARTK Fundamentals|WARTK]], the convergence time is linked to the wide-lane ambiguity (<math>\Delta \nabla N_W</math>) fixing. With three frequency systems, using two close frequency signals, it is possible to generate an extra-wide-lane signal to enable the single epoch wide-lane ambiguity fixing. That is, without needing the time span required by equation (1) to smooth the code noise up to the roundoff threshold (see [[Carrier phase ambiguity fixing with two frequencies]]).</div></td></tr>
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Jaume.Sanz
https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=8935&oldid=prev
Carlos.Lopez at 10:04, 28 October 2011
2011-10-28T10:04:52Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Authors= J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernandez-Pajares, University of Catalunia, Spain.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Authors= J. Sanz Subirana, JM. Juan Zornoza and M. Hernandez-Pajares, University of Catalunia, Spain.</div></td></tr>
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Carlos.Lopez
https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_phase_ambiguity_fixing_with_three_frequencies&diff=7869&oldid=prev
Carlos.Lopez at 08:16, 9 August 2011
2011-08-09T08:16:33Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:16, 9 August 2011</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Fundamentals]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Fundamentals]]</div></td></tr>
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Carlos.Lopez