https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_FixingCarrier Phase Ambiguity Fixing - Revision history2026-06-05T17:23:47ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.1https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=13809&oldid=prevForrest.Voight: typo2016-07-25T20:51:32Z<p>typo</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:51, 25 July 2016</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l55">Line 55:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 55:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other, more straightforward approach, is to consider such fractional part of ambiguities as Carrier Phase Instrumental Delays <ref group="footnotes">To be more precise, the residuals <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">module </del>the carrier wavelength.</ref>, and to remove them using accurate determinations of such values, computed from a receiver network [Juan et al., 2010] <ref> [Juan et al., 2010] Juan, J., Hernandez-Pajares, M. and Sanz, J., 2010. Precise Real Time Orbit Determination and Time Synchronizatio (PRTODTS). TN2 & TN3: GPS PRTODTS Design and Validation Documents, v0.0. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands.</ref>. Indeed, the Carrier Instrumental Delays or fractional part of ambiguities (<math>b_{rec}</math> and <math>b^{sat}</math>) can be estimated from a global network of permanent stations, after fixing the double-differenced ambiguities <math>\nabla \Delta B_{rec}^{sat}=\lambda\, \nabla \Delta N_{rec}^{sat}</math> between satellites and receivers. As it is shown in figure 1 theses estimates are stable enough to be broadcast to the users as low varying parameters.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other, more straightforward approach, is to consider such fractional part of ambiguities as Carrier Phase Instrumental Delays <ref group="footnotes">To be more precise, the residuals <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">modulo </ins>the carrier wavelength.</ref>, and to remove them using accurate determinations of such values, computed from a receiver network [Juan et al., 2010] <ref> [Juan et al., 2010] Juan, J., Hernandez-Pajares, M. and Sanz, J., 2010. Precise Real Time Orbit Determination and Time Synchronizatio (PRTODTS). TN2 & TN3: GPS PRTODTS Design and Validation Documents, v0.0. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands.</ref>. Indeed, the Carrier Instrumental Delays or fractional part of ambiguities (<math>b_{rec}</math> and <math>b^{sat}</math>) can be estimated from a global network of permanent stations, after fixing the double-differenced ambiguities <math>\nabla \Delta B_{rec}^{sat}=\lambda\, \nabla \Delta N_{rec}^{sat}</math> between satellites and receivers. As it is shown in figure 1 theses estimates are stable enough to be broadcast to the users as low varying parameters.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::{|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::{|</div></td></tr>
</table>Forrest.Voighthttps://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=11559&oldid=prevCarlos.Lopez at 11:25, 23 February 20122012-02-23T11:25:28Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:25, 23 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4">Line 4:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Level=Intermediate</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Level=Intermediate</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|YearOfPublication=2011</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|YearOfPublication=2011</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Logo=gAGE</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Title={{PAGENAME}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Title={{PAGENAME}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Carlos.Lopezhttps://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=10938&oldid=prevJaume.Sanz at 15:25, 1 February 20122012-02-01T15:25:44Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:25, 1 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l72">Line 72:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 72:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some works focussing into the undiffrenced (or zero-difference) ambiguity fixing are as follows: [Ge et al., 2008] <ref> [Ge et al., 2008] Ge, M., Gendt, M., Rothacher, M., Shi, C. and Liu, J., 2008. Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with daily observations. Journal of Geodesy. 82, pp. 389{399.</ref> , [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007]<ref> [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] Laurichesse, D. and Mercier, F., 2007. Integer ambiguity resolution on undi_erenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP. Proceedings of 20th Int Tech Meet Satellite Div Inst. Navigation GNSS 2007.</ref>, [Collins, 2008] <ref>[Collins, 2008] Collins, P., 2008. Isolating and Estimating Undifferenced GPS Integer Ambiguities. Proceedings Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting. </ref>,[Banville et al., 2008] <ref> [Banville et al., 2008] Banville, S., Santerre1, R., Cocard, M. and R.B., L., 2008. Satellite and Receiver Phase Bias Calibration for Undi_erenced Ambiguity Resolution. Proceedings Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting.</ref>, [Juan et al., 2010]<ref>[Juan et al., 2010] Juan, J., Hernandez-Pajares, M. and Sanz, J., 2010. Precise Real Time Orbit Determination and Time Synchronizatio (PRTODTS). TN2 & TN3: GPS PRTODTS Design and Validation Documents, v0.0. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands. </ref>, [Hernandez-Pajares et al., 2010] <ref>[Hernandez-Pajares et al., 2010] Hernandez-Pajares, M., Juan, J. and Sanz, J.,2010. Enhanced Precise Point Positioning using Galileo and GPS (EPPP). TN8: Recommendations for a PPP Processing Facility. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands. </ref> among others.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some works focussing into the undiffrenced (or zero-difference) ambiguity fixing are as follows: [Ge et al., 2008] <ref> [Ge et al., 2008] Ge, M., Gendt, M., Rothacher, M., Shi, C. and Liu, J., 2008. Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with daily observations. Journal of Geodesy. 82, pp. 389{399.</ref> , [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007]<ref> [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] Laurichesse, D. and Mercier, F., 2007. Integer ambiguity resolution on undi_erenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP. Proceedings of 20th Int Tech Meet Satellite Div Inst. Navigation GNSS 2007.</ref>, [Collins, 2008] <ref>[Collins, 2008] Collins, P., 2008. Isolating and Estimating Undifferenced GPS Integer Ambiguities. Proceedings Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting. </ref>,[Banville et al., 2008] <ref> [Banville et al., 2008] Banville, S., Santerre1, R., Cocard, M. and R.B., L., 2008. Satellite and Receiver Phase Bias Calibration for Undi_erenced Ambiguity Resolution. Proceedings Institute of Navigation, National Technical Meeting.</ref>, [Juan et al., 2010]<ref>[Juan et al., 2010] Juan, J., Hernandez-Pajares, M. and Sanz, J., 2010. Precise Real Time Orbit Determination and Time Synchronizatio (PRTODTS). TN2 & TN3: GPS PRTODTS Design and Validation Documents, v0.0. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands. </ref>, [Hernandez-Pajares et al., 2010] <ref>[Hernandez-Pajares et al., 2010] Hernandez-Pajares, M., Juan, J. and Sanz, J., 2010. Enhanced Precise Point Positioning using Galileo and GPS (EPPP). TN8: Recommendations for a PPP Processing Facility. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands. </ref> among others.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
</table>Jaume.Sanzhttps://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=10937&oldid=prevJaume.Sanz at 15:23, 1 February 20122012-02-01T15:23:39Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:23, 1 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l56">Line 56:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 56:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other, more straightforward approach, is to consider such fractional part of ambiguities as Carrier Phase Instrumental Delays <ref group="footnotes">To be more precise, the residuals module the carrier wavelength.</ref>, and to remove them using accurate determinations of such values, computed from a receiver network [Juan et al., 2010] <ref> [Juan et al., 2010] Juan, J., Hernandez-Pajares, M. and Sanz, J., 2010. Precise Real Time Orbit Determination and Time Synchronizatio (PRTODTS). TN2 & TN3: GPS PRTODTS Design and Validation Documents, v0.0. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands.</ref>. Indeed, the Carrier Instrumental Delays or fractional part of ambiguities (<math>b_{rec}</math> and <math>b^{sat}</math>) can be estimated from a global network of permanent stations, after fixing the double-differenced ambiguities <math>\nabla \Delta B_{rec}^{sat}=\lambda\, \nabla \Delta N_{rec}^{sat}</math> between satellites and receivers. As it is shown in figure <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1theses </del>estimates are stable enough to be broadcast to the users as low varying parameters.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other, more straightforward approach, is to consider such fractional part of ambiguities as Carrier Phase Instrumental Delays <ref group="footnotes">To be more precise, the residuals module the carrier wavelength.</ref>, and to remove them using accurate determinations of such values, computed from a receiver network [Juan et al., 2010] <ref> [Juan et al., 2010] Juan, J., Hernandez-Pajares, M. and Sanz, J., 2010. Precise Real Time Orbit Determination and Time Synchronizatio (PRTODTS). TN2 & TN3: GPS PRTODTS Design and Validation Documents, v0.0. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands.</ref>. Indeed, the Carrier Instrumental Delays or fractional part of ambiguities (<math>b_{rec}</math> and <math>b^{sat}</math>) can be estimated from a global network of permanent stations, after fixing the double-differenced ambiguities <math>\nabla \Delta B_{rec}^{sat}=\lambda\, \nabla \Delta N_{rec}^{sat}</math> between satellites and receivers. As it is shown in figure <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1 theses </ins>estimates are stable enough to be broadcast to the users as low varying parameters.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::{|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::{|</div></td></tr>
</table>Jaume.Sanzhttps://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=10936&oldid=prevJaume.Sanz at 15:22, 1 February 20122012-02-01T15:22:25Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:22, 1 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l56">Line 56:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 56:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other, more straightforward approach, is to consider such fractional part of ambiguities as Carrier Phase Instrumental Delays <ref group="footnotes">To be more precise, the residuals module the carrier wavelength.</ref>, and to remove them using accurate determinations of such values, computed from a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">receivers </del>network [Juan et al., 2010] <ref> [Juan et al., 2010] Juan, J., Hernandez-Pajares, M. and Sanz, J., 2010. Precise Real Time Orbit Determination and Time Synchronizatio (PRTODTS). TN2 & TN3: GPS PRTODTS Design and Validation Documents, v0.0. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands.</ref>. Indeed, the Carrier Instrumental Delays or fractional part of ambiguities (<math>b_{rec}</math> and <math>b^{sat}</math>) can be estimated from a global network of permanent stations, after fixing the double-differenced ambiguities <math>\nabla \Delta B_{rec}^{sat}=\lambda\, \nabla \Delta N_{rec}^{sat}</math> between satellites and receivers. As it is shown in figure 1theses estimates are stable enough to be broadcast to the users as low varying parameters.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other, more straightforward approach, is to consider such fractional part of ambiguities as Carrier Phase Instrumental Delays <ref group="footnotes">To be more precise, the residuals module the carrier wavelength.</ref>, and to remove them using accurate determinations of such values, computed from a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">receiver </ins>network [Juan et al., 2010] <ref> [Juan et al., 2010] Juan, J., Hernandez-Pajares, M. and Sanz, J., 2010. Precise Real Time Orbit Determination and Time Synchronizatio (PRTODTS). TN2 & TN3: GPS PRTODTS Design and Validation Documents, v0.0. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands.</ref>. Indeed, the Carrier Instrumental Delays or fractional part of ambiguities (<math>b_{rec}</math> and <math>b^{sat}</math>) can be estimated from a global network of permanent stations, after fixing the double-differenced ambiguities <math>\nabla \Delta B_{rec}^{sat}=\lambda\, \nabla \Delta N_{rec}^{sat}</math> between satellites and receivers. As it is shown in figure 1theses estimates are stable enough to be broadcast to the users as low varying parameters.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::{|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::{|</div></td></tr>
</table>Jaume.Sanzhttps://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=10935&oldid=prevJaume.Sanz at 15:20, 1 February 20122012-02-01T15:20:07Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:20, 1 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l53">Line 53:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The fractional part of the wide-lane ambiguity can be easily estimated from [[Detector based in code and carrier phase data: The Melbourne-Wübbena combination|the Melbourne-Wübbena combination]], because it is uncorrelated from other parameters in the navigation filter (see figure 1, in blue <ref group="footnotes"> The fractional part of wide-lane (blue) and short-lane (red) fractional ambiguities estimates are shown in the same figure. The large variability seen for the short-lane is due to the correlations with the other parameters in the filter, mainly the clocks.</ref>). While the fractional part of the short-lane ambiguity (i.e., <math>b_1</math>) can be added to satellite and receiver clock. This approach leads to the so called Phase Clocks [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] <ref> [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] Laurichesse, D. and Mercier, F., 2007. Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP. Proceedings of 20th Int Tech Meet Satellite Div Inst. Navigation GNSS 2007.</ref> , which are different from the code clock (i.e., not consistent with the code clock)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">\footnote{</del>Nevertheless, this is not a critical issue to fix the ambiguities, because the code is used only to initialize the filter (and to help its convergence).<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The fractional part of the wide-lane ambiguity can be easily estimated from [[Detector based in code and carrier phase data: The Melbourne-Wübbena combination|the Melbourne-Wübbena combination]], because it is uncorrelated from other parameters in the navigation filter (see figure 1, in blue <ref group="footnotes"> The fractional part of wide-lane (blue) and short-lane (red) fractional ambiguities estimates are shown in the same figure. The large variability seen for the short-lane is due to the correlations with the other parameters in the filter, mainly the clocks.</ref>). While the fractional part of the short-lane ambiguity (i.e., <math>b_1</math>) can be added to satellite and receiver clock. This approach leads to the so called Phase Clocks [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] <ref> [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] Laurichesse, D. and Mercier, F., 2007. Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP. Proceedings of 20th Int Tech Meet Satellite Div Inst. Navigation GNSS 2007.</ref> , which are different from the code clock (i.e., not consistent with the code clock)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref group="footnotes"> </ins>Nevertheless, this is not a critical issue to fix the ambiguities, because the code is used only to initialize the filter (and to help its convergence).<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
</table>Jaume.Sanzhttps://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=10934&oldid=prevJaume.Sanz at 15:18, 1 February 20122012-02-01T15:18:00Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:18, 1 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l53">Line 53:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The fractional part of the wide-lane ambiguity can be easily estimated from [[Detector based in code and carrier phase data: The Melbourne-Wübbena combination|the Melbourne-Wübbena combination]], because it is uncorrelated from other parameters in the navigation filter (see figure 1, in blue <ref group="footnotes"> The fractional part of wide-lane (blue) and short-lane (red) fractional ambiguities estimates are shown in the same figure. The large variability seen for the short-lane is due to the correlations with the other parameters in the filter, mainly the clocks.</ref>). While the fractional part of the short-lane ambiguity (i.e., <math>b_1</math>) can be added to satellite and receiver clock. This approach leads to the so called Phase Clocks [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] <ref> [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] Laurichesse, D. and Mercier, F., 2007. Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP. Proceedings of 20th Int Tech Meet Satellite Div Inst. Navigation GNSS 2007.</ref> , which are different <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of </del>the code clock (i.e., not consistent with the code clock)\footnote{Nevertheless, this is not a critical issue to fix the ambiguities, because the code is used only to initialize the filter (and to help its convergence).}.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The fractional part of the wide-lane ambiguity can be easily estimated from [[Detector based in code and carrier phase data: The Melbourne-Wübbena combination|the Melbourne-Wübbena combination]], because it is uncorrelated from other parameters in the navigation filter (see figure 1, in blue <ref group="footnotes"> The fractional part of wide-lane (blue) and short-lane (red) fractional ambiguities estimates are shown in the same figure. The large variability seen for the short-lane is due to the correlations with the other parameters in the filter, mainly the clocks.</ref>). While the fractional part of the short-lane ambiguity (i.e., <math>b_1</math>) can be added to satellite and receiver clock. This approach leads to the so called Phase Clocks [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] <ref> [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] Laurichesse, D. and Mercier, F., 2007. Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP. Proceedings of 20th Int Tech Meet Satellite Div Inst. Navigation GNSS 2007.</ref> , which are different <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">from </ins>the code clock (i.e., not consistent with the code clock)\footnote{Nevertheless, this is not a critical issue to fix the ambiguities, because the code is used only to initialize the filter (and to help its convergence).}.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
</table>Jaume.Sanzhttps://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=10933&oldid=prevJaume.Sanz at 15:14, 1 February 20122012-02-01T15:14:22Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:14, 1 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l60">Line 60:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 60:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::{|</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::{|</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|+align="bottom"|''Figure 1: Fractional part of ambiguities for GPS satellite PRN19 (left) and receiver MOBN (right). The Wide-lane is shown in blue and the <math>L1</math> in red.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|+align="bottom"|''Figure 1: Fractional part of ambiguities for GPS satellite PRN19 (left) and receiver MOBN (right). The Wide-lane is shown in blue and the <math>L1</math> in red.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The figures are from <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">\cite{PRODTS</del>:<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10:JMJ}</del>. Vertical axis is in cycles and horizontal in seconds of day. The pattern in the figures is due to the correlations with the other parameters in the filter, mainly the satellite clocks''</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The figures are from <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> [Juan et al., 2010] <ref> [Juan et al., 2010] Juan, J., Hernandez-Pajares, M. and Sanz, J., 2010. Precise Real Time Orbit Determination and Time Synchronizatio (PRTODTS). TN2 & TN3</ins>: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">GPS PRTODTS Design and Validation Documents, v0.0. ESA report (ESA ITT AO/1-5823/08/NL/AT), ESOC/ESA, The Netherlands.</ref></ins>. Vertical axis is in cycles and horizontal in seconds of day. The pattern in the figures is due to the correlations with the other parameters in the filter, mainly the satellite clocks''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File: Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_fixing_Fig_1.png|none|thumb|400px|frameless]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File: Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_fixing_Fig_1.png|none|thumb|400px|frameless]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File: Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_fixing_Fig_2.png|none|thumb|400px|frameless]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File: Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_fixing_Fig_2.png|none|thumb|400px|frameless]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Jaume.Sanzhttps://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=10932&oldid=prevJaume.Sanz at 15:09, 1 February 20122012-02-01T15:09:28Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:09, 1 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l53">Line 53:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 53:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The fractional part of the wide-lane ambiguity can be easily estimated from [[Detector based in code and carrier phase data: The Melbourne-Wübbena combination|the Melbourne-Wübbena combination]], because it is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">incorrelated </del>from other parameters in the navigation filter (see figure 1, in blue <ref group="footnotes"> The fractional part of wide-lane (blue) and short-lane (red) fractional ambiguities estimates are shown in the same figure. The large variability seen for the short-lane is due to the correlations with the other parameters in the filter, mainly the clocks.</ref>). While the fractional part of the short-lane ambiguity (i.e., <math>b_1</math>) can be added to satellite and receiver clock. This approach leads to the so called Phase Clocks [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] <ref> [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] Laurichesse, D. and Mercier, F., 2007. Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP. Proceedings of 20th Int Tech Meet Satellite Div Inst. Navigation GNSS 2007.</ref> , which are different of the code clock (i.e., not consistent with the code clock)\footnote{Nevertheless, this is not a critical issue to fix the ambiguities, because the code is used only to initialize the filter (and to help its convergence).}.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The fractional part of the wide-lane ambiguity can be easily estimated from [[Detector based in code and carrier phase data: The Melbourne-Wübbena combination|the Melbourne-Wübbena combination]], because it is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">uncorrelated </ins>from other parameters in the navigation filter (see figure 1, in blue <ref group="footnotes"> The fractional part of wide-lane (blue) and short-lane (red) fractional ambiguities estimates are shown in the same figure. The large variability seen for the short-lane is due to the correlations with the other parameters in the filter, mainly the clocks.</ref>). While the fractional part of the short-lane ambiguity (i.e., <math>b_1</math>) can be added to satellite and receiver clock. This approach leads to the so called Phase Clocks [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] <ref> [Laurichesse and Mercier, 2007] Laurichesse, D. and Mercier, F., 2007. Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP. Proceedings of 20th Int Tech Meet Satellite Div Inst. Navigation GNSS 2007.</ref> , which are different of the code clock (i.e., not consistent with the code clock)\footnote{Nevertheless, this is not a critical issue to fix the ambiguities, because the code is used only to initialize the filter (and to help its convergence).}.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
</table>Jaume.Sanzhttps://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php?title=Carrier_Phase_Ambiguity_Fixing&diff=10931&oldid=prevJaume.Sanz at 14:55, 1 February 20122012-02-01T14:55:55Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:55, 1 February 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Article Infobox2</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Article Infobox2</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Category=Fundamentals</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Category=Fundamentals</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Title={{PAGENAME}}</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Authors=J. Sanz Subirana, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">J.M</ins>. Juan Zornoza and M. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hernández</ins>-Pajares, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Technical </ins>University of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Catalonia</ins>, Spain.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Authors= J. Sanz Subirana, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">JM</del>. Juan Zornoza and M. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hernandez</del>-Pajares, University of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Catalunia</del>, Spain.</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Level=Intermediate</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Level=Intermediate</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|YearOfPublication=2011</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|YearOfPublication=2011</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Logo=gAGE</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|Logo=gAGE</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Title={{PAGENAME}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The carrier phase measurements are much more precise than the code pseudorange measurements (typically, about two orders of magnitude), but they contain the unknown ambiguities (''B''), (see [[Linear observation model for PPP]]). If such ambiguities are fixed, thence the carrier phase measurements become as unambiguous pseudoranges, but accurate at the level of few millimetres.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The carrier phase measurements are much more precise than the code pseudorange measurements (typically, about two orders of magnitude), but they contain the unknown ambiguities (''B''), (see [[Linear observation model for PPP]]). If such ambiguities are fixed, thence the carrier phase measurements become as unambiguous pseudoranges, but accurate at the level of few millimetres.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
</table>Jaume.Sanz