Attitude Determination - Revision history

Gema.Cueto: /* Application Architecture */

2021-05-21T11:35:02Z

Application Architecture

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 21 May 2021
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	The aircraft's attitude information is currently obtained by spinning rotor or ring laser gyroscopes. In General Aviation (GA) applications a vertical gyroscope is used for pitch and roll while a separate directional gyroscope is used for heading. The display of the information to the pilot is presented mechanically by the gyroscopes themselves.		The aircraft's attitude information is currently obtained by spinning rotor or ring laser gyroscopes. In General Aviation (GA) applications a vertical gyroscope is used for pitch and roll while a separate directional gyroscope is used for heading. The display of the information to the pilot is presented mechanically by the gyroscopes themselves.
	Commercial and military aircraft generally have computer-based CRTs or LCD displays that are driven by inertial measurement units (IMUs). These attitude systems are very precise but cost more than most small ~~aircrafts~~.<ref name="Stanford">[https://gps.stanford.edu/ GPS-Based Attitude for Aircraft], Roger C. Hayward, Demoz Gebre-Egziabher, J. David Powell, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Stanford University, May 1998</ref>		Commercial and military aircraft generally have computer-based CRTs or LCD displays that are driven by inertial measurement units (IMUs). These attitude systems are very precise but cost more than most small airplanes.<ref name="Stanford">[https://gps.stanford.edu/ GPS-Based Attitude for Aircraft], Roger C. Hayward, Demoz Gebre-Egziabher, J. David Powell, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Stanford University, May 1998</ref>

	GNSS based attitude determination is just an extension of differential carrier phase position determination. Very precise relative position (mm level) is determined between a pair of antennas. This relative position can then be translated into angular measurements. Two baselines {{#tag:ref\|Baseline can be defined as a pair of antenna specifications.		GNSS based attitude determination is just an extension of differential carrier phase position determination. Very precise relative position (mm level) is determined between a pair of antennas. This relative position can then be translated into angular measurements. Two baselines {{#tag:ref\|Baseline can be defined as a pair of antenna specifications.

Claudia.Prajanu at 19:33, 9 September 2018

2018-09-09T19:33:37Z

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	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	\|Logo=GMV		\|Logo=GMV
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	The Attitude Determination is one of the many applications where GNSS can be effectively employed.<ref name="tudelft" >[~~http~~://www~~.citg~~.tudelft.nl~~/over-faculteit/afdelingen/geoscience-and-remote-sensing/research-themes/gps/attitude-determination-and-formation-flying~~/ TUDelft] - Attitude Determination and Formation Flying</ref>		The Attitude Determination is one of the many applications where GNSS can be effectively employed.<ref name="tudelft" >[https://www.tudelft.nl/ TUDelft] - Attitude Determination and Formation Flying</ref>

	The attitude of an aircraft, i.e., the orientation in space, can be determined by measuring the relative positions of multiple GNSS antennas mounted on different positions of the aircraft.		The attitude of an aircraft, i.e., the orientation in space, can be determined by measuring the relative positions of multiple GNSS antennas mounted on different positions of the aircraft.
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	The aircraft's attitude information is currently obtained by spinning rotor or ring laser gyroscopes. In General Aviation (GA) applications a vertical gyroscope is used for pitch and roll while a separate directional gyroscope is used for heading. The display of the information to the pilot is presented mechanically by the gyroscopes themselves.		The aircraft's attitude information is currently obtained by spinning rotor or ring laser gyroscopes. In General Aviation (GA) applications a vertical gyroscope is used for pitch and roll while a separate directional gyroscope is used for heading. The display of the information to the pilot is presented mechanically by the gyroscopes themselves.
	Commercial and military aircraft generally have computer-based CRTs or LCD displays that are driven by inertial measurement units (IMUs). These attitude systems are very precise but cost more than most small aircrafts.<ref name="Stanford">[~~http~~://~~waas~~.stanford.edu/~~~wwu/papers/gps/PDF/att_for_aircraft_rch1998.pdf~~ GPS-Based Attitude for Aircraft], Roger C. Hayward, Demoz Gebre-Egziabher, J. David Powell, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Stanford University, May 1998</ref>		Commercial and military aircraft generally have computer-based CRTs or LCD displays that are driven by inertial measurement units (IMUs). These attitude systems are very precise but cost more than most small aircrafts.<ref name="Stanford">[https://gps.stanford.edu/ GPS-Based Attitude for Aircraft], Roger C. Hayward, Demoz Gebre-Egziabher, J. David Powell, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Stanford University, May 1998</ref>

	GNSS based attitude determination is just an extension of differential carrier phase position determination. Very precise relative position (mm level) is determined between a pair of antennas. This relative position can then be translated into angular measurements. Two baselines {{#tag:ref\|Baseline can be defined as a pair of antenna specifications.		GNSS based attitude determination is just an extension of differential carrier phase position determination. Very precise relative position (mm level) is determined between a pair of antennas. This relative position can then be translated into angular measurements. Two baselines {{#tag:ref\|Baseline can be defined as a pair of antenna specifications.
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	GNSS based attitude determination can be applied in a number of different manners.		GNSS based attitude determination can be applied in a number of different manners.
	Well known is the 3 antennas, 2 baseline (or more) configuration, which can perform full attitude determination onboard aircraft. With a 2 antennas, 1 baseline configuration, it is possible to use GNSS as a pointing device similar to a magnetic compass. With a 1 receiver, 0 baseline configuration, GNSS could be used as a backup attitude sensor for certain applications.<ref name="ION2007">[~~http~~://www~~.citg~~.tudelft.nl/~~fileadmin/Faculteit/LR/Organisatie/Afdelingen_en_Leerstoelen/Afdeling_RS/Mathematical_Geodesy_and_Positioning/Research/Attitude_Determination_and_Formation_Flying/doc/ION2007.pdf~~ The Baseline Constrained LAMBDA Method for Single Epoch, Single Frequency Attitude Determination Applications], Peter Buist, Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS) Delft University of Technology, September 2007</ref>		Well known is the 3 antennas, 2 baseline (or more) configuration, which can perform full attitude determination onboard aircraft. With a 2 antennas, 1 baseline configuration, it is possible to use GNSS as a pointing device similar to a magnetic compass. With a 1 receiver, 0 baseline configuration, GNSS could be used as a backup attitude sensor for certain applications.<ref name="ION2007">[https://www.tudelft.nl/ The Baseline Constrained LAMBDA Method for Single Epoch, Single Frequency Attitude Determination Applications], Peter Buist, Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS) Delft University of Technology, September 2007</ref>

	Via the baseline processing, the information on the relative positioning between the receivers can be translated into angular estimation of the aircraft's attitude.		Via the baseline processing, the information on the relative positioning between the receivers can be translated into angular estimation of the aircraft's attitude.

Filipe.Pelica: Included editor logo.

2014-09-18T17:06:15Z

Included editor logo.

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Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-09-09T12:57:52Z

fixed broken link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 9 September 2014
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	GNSS based attitude determination can be applied in a number of different manners.		GNSS based attitude determination can be applied in a number of different manners.
	Well known is the 3 antennas, 2 baseline (or more) configuration, which can perform full attitude determination onboard aircraft. With a 2 antennas, 1 baseline configuration, it is possible to use GNSS as a pointing device similar to a magnetic compass. With a 1 receiver, 0 baseline configuration, GNSS could be used as a backup attitude sensor for certain applications.<ref name="ION2007">[http://www.lr.tudelft.nl/~~live~~/~~pagina.jsp?id=3644d2b1-c123-40d7-a99b-9fcb33dc28e5&lang=en&binary=~~/doc/ION2007.pdf The Baseline Constrained LAMBDA Method for Single Epoch, Single Frequency Attitude Determination Applications], Peter Buist, Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS) Delft University of Technology, September 2007</ref>		Well known is the 3 antennas, 2 baseline (or more) configuration, which can perform full attitude determination onboard aircraft. With a 2 antennas, 1 baseline configuration, it is possible to use GNSS as a pointing device similar to a magnetic compass. With a 1 receiver, 0 baseline configuration, GNSS could be used as a backup attitude sensor for certain applications.<ref name="ION2007">[http://www.citg.tudelft.nl/fileadmin/Faculteit/LR/Organisatie/Afdelingen_en_Leerstoelen/Afdeling_RS/Mathematical_Geodesy_and_Positioning/Research/Attitude_Determination_and_Formation_Flying/doc/ION2007.pdf The Baseline Constrained LAMBDA Method for Single Epoch, Single Frequency Attitude Determination Applications], Peter Buist, Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS) Delft University of Technology, September 2007</ref>

	Via the baseline processing, the information on the relative positioning between the receivers can be translated into angular estimation of the aircraft's attitude.		Via the baseline processing, the information on the relative positioning between the receivers can be translated into angular estimation of the aircraft's attitude.

Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-09-09T12:17:03Z

fixed broken link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:17, 9 September 2014
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	The Attitude Determination is one of the many applications where GNSS can be effectively employed.<ref name="tudelft" >[http://www.lr.tudelft.nl/~~live~~/~~pagina.jsp?id=11407d44~~-~~13a8~~-~~4c17~~-~~8e2e~~-~~8b089a8bdfa0&lang=en~~ TUDelft] - Attitude Determination and Formation Flying</ref>		The Attitude Determination is one of the many applications where GNSS can be effectively employed.<ref name="tudelft" >[http://www.citg.tudelft.nl/over-faculteit/afdelingen/geoscience-and-remote-sensing/research-themes/gps/attitude-determination-and-formation-flying/ TUDelft] - Attitude Determination and Formation Flying</ref>

	The attitude of an aircraft, i.e., the orientation in space, can be determined by measuring the relative positions of multiple GNSS antennas mounted on different positions of the aircraft.		The attitude of an aircraft, i.e., the orientation in space, can be determined by measuring the relative positions of multiple GNSS antennas mounted on different positions of the aircraft.

Carlos.Lopez at 10:48, 23 February 2012

2012-02-23T10:48:45Z

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	{{Article Infobox2		{{Article Infobox2
	\|Category=Applications		\|Category=Applications
	\|Editors=GMV ~~A.D.~~		\|Editors=GMV
	\|Level=Intermediate		\|Level=Intermediate
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011

Carlos.Lopez at 10:38, 23 February 2012

2012-02-23T10:38:18Z

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	\|Level=Intermediate		\|Level=Intermediate
	\|YearOfPublication=2011		\|YearOfPublication=2011
	\|~~Logo~~=~~GMV~~		\|Title={{PAGENAME}}
	}}		}}

	The Attitude Determination is one of the many applications where GNSS can be effectively employed.<ref name="tudelft" >[http://www.lr.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=11407d44-13a8-4c17-8e2e-8b089a8bdfa0&lang=en TUDelft] - Attitude Determination and Formation Flying</ref>		The Attitude Determination is one of the many applications where GNSS can be effectively employed.<ref name="tudelft" >[http://www.lr.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=11407d44-13a8-4c17-8e2e-8b089a8bdfa0&lang=en TUDelft] - Attitude Determination and Formation Flying</ref>

Timo.Kouwenhoven: Text replace - "|Level=Medium" to "|Level=Intermediate"

2011-11-06T07:39:18Z

Text replace - "|Level=Medium" to "|Level=Intermediate"

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Timo.Kouwenhoven: Text replace - "|Authors=GMV." to "|Authors=GMV"

2011-11-01T13:46:43Z

Text replace - "|Authors=GMV." to "|Authors=GMV"

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Rui.Pereira at 10:36, 7 July 2011

2011-07-07T10:36:32Z

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	== Application Examples ==		== Application Examples ==

	A wide spectrum of applications can benefit from the research in this field: guidance of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), control of space platforms, precise docking of vessels, precision farming, among ~~many~~ others. <ref name="tudelft" />		A wide spectrum of applications can benefit from the research in this field: guidance of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), control of space platforms, precise docking of vessels, precision farming, among others. <ref name="tudelft" />

	[http://www.avidyne.com/ Avidyne] and [http://www.garmin.com/garmin/cms/site/us/intheair/ Garmin] are the two leading manufacturers of glass cockpit products for small airplanes.		[http://www.avidyne.com/ Avidyne] and [http://www.garmin.com/garmin/cms/site/us/intheair/ Garmin] are the two leading manufacturers of glass cockpit products for small airplanes.