Atmospheric Sensing - Revision history

Claudia.Prajanu at 12:56, 3 September 2018

2018-09-03T12:56:45Z

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	Earth-orbiting satellites have been equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for many years now, mostly as an aid for orbit determination. The receiver processes the signals from visible GPS satellites through one or more antennas mounted on the satellite. For GPS satellites that appear to the receiver to be close to the Earth’s horizon, the signals travel through the Earth’s atmosphere and are therefore less useful for orbit determination. However, such signals can be exploited for sounding the upper atmosphere by measuring how they are affected as they travel through the atmosphere<ref name="SoundAtm">[http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin126/bul126g_zandbergen.pdf\|Sounding the Atmosphere - Ground Support for GNSS Radio-Occultation Processing], ESA Bulletin 126, May 2006</ref>.		Earth-orbiting satellites have been equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for many years now, mostly as an aid for orbit determination. The receiver processes the signals from visible GPS satellites through one or more antennas mounted on the satellite. For GPS satellites that appear to the receiver to be close to the Earth’s horizon, the signals travel through the Earth’s atmosphere and are therefore less useful for orbit determination. However, such signals can be exploited for sounding the upper atmosphere by measuring how they are affected as they travel through the atmosphere<ref name="SoundAtm">[http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin126/bul126g_zandbergen.pdf Sounding the Atmosphere - Ground Support for GNSS Radio-Occultation Processing], ESA Bulletin 126, May 2006</ref>.

	== Application Architecture ==		== Application Architecture ==

Filipe.Pelica: Included editor logo.

2014-09-18T16:35:06Z

Included editor logo.

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Filipe.Pelica: fixed broken link.

2014-09-10T10:55:11Z

fixed broken link.

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	== Application Examples ==		== Application Examples ==

	* '''GPS/MET''' - First Atmospheric Sensing experimental satellite managed by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and consisted of a 2 kg GPS receiver piggybacked on the MicroLab I satellite<ref>[http://~~genesis~~.~~jpl~~.~~nasa~~.~~gov~~/~~zope/GENESIS/Missions/GPSMET~~ Background on The GPS/MET Experiment], ~~JPL~~, ~~NASA~~</ref>.		* '''GPS/MET''' - First Atmospheric Sensing experimental satellite managed by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and consisted of a 2 kg GPS receiver piggybacked on the MicroLab I satellite<ref>[http://www.cosmic.ucar.edu/gpsMet.html Background on The GPS/MET Experiment], COSMIC Program Office, UCAR Community Programs</ref>.
	* '''CHAMP''' - CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload is a German satellite that was used for atmospheric and ionospheric research, as well as other geoscientific applications, such as Atmospheric Sensing<ref>[[Wikipedia:CHAMP\|CHAMP in Wikipedia]]</ref>.		* '''CHAMP''' - CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload is a German satellite that was used for atmospheric and ionospheric research, as well as other geoscientific applications, such as Atmospheric Sensing<ref>[[Wikipedia:CHAMP\|CHAMP in Wikipedia]]</ref>.
	* '''COSMIC''' - Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate is a US-Taiwan program designed to provide advances in meteorology, ionospheric research, climatology, and space weather by using GPS satellites in conjunction with a constellation of 6 micro-satellites in low Earth orbit<ref>[[Wikipedia:Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate\|COSMIC in Wikipedia]]</ref>.		* '''COSMIC''' - Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate is a US-Taiwan program designed to provide advances in meteorology, ionospheric research, climatology, and space weather by using GPS satellites in conjunction with a constellation of 6 micro-satellites in low Earth orbit<ref>[[Wikipedia:Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate\|COSMIC in Wikipedia]]</ref>.

Filipe.Pelica at 17:43, 26 May 2014

2014-05-26T17:43:08Z

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	Although the GPS signal was not designed for Atmospheric Sensing, some of its characteristics makes it very suitable for this applications. The GPS signal incorporates a time reference and by design the time taken for the signal to travel from the GNSS satellite and the receiving satellite is measurable. The GPS signal is available in 2 different frequencies and since the ionospheric interference varies with frequency following well known rules this can be used to remove the ionospheric interference. The use of an existing radio signal source allows for a active sensing infrastructure (that requires an emitter and a receiver) with the cost of a passive sensing infrastructure (that only requires a receiver). Also the GNSS signals are designed to not be affected by clouds and precipitation<ref name="GNSS Apps">GNSS Applications and Methods - Chapter 13 - Space Applications, E. Gleen Lightsey, Artech House</ref>.		Although the GPS signal was not designed for Atmospheric Sensing, some of its characteristics makes it very suitable for this applications. The GPS signal incorporates a time reference and by design the time taken for the signal to travel from the GNSS satellite and the receiving satellite is measurable. The GPS signal is available in 2 different frequencies and since the ionospheric interference varies with frequency following well known rules this can be used to remove the ionospheric interference. The use of an existing radio signal source allows for a active sensing infrastructure (that requires an emitter and a receiver) with the cost of a passive sensing infrastructure (that only requires a receiver). Also the GNSS signals are designed to not be affected by clouds and precipitation<ref name="GNSS Apps">GNSS Applications and Methods - Chapter 13 - Space Applications, E. Gleen Lightsey, Artech House</ref>.

	The deployment of new GNSS constellations (Galileo, ~~COMPASS~~) will expand the number of radio signal sources usable for Atmospheric Sensing making available much more data that is currently available.		The deployment of new GNSS constellations (Galileo, BeiDou) will expand the number of radio signal sources usable for Atmospheric Sensing making available much more data that is currently available.

	== Application Examples ==		== Application Examples ==

Carlos.Lopez at 10:48, 23 February 2012

2012-02-23T10:48:40Z

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Carlos.Lopez at 10:38, 23 February 2012

2012-02-23T10:38:11Z

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	Earth-orbiting satellites have been equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for many years now, mostly as an aid for orbit determination. The receiver processes the signals from visible GPS satellites through one or more antennas mounted on the satellite. For GPS satellites that appear to the receiver to be close to the Earth’s horizon, the signals travel through the Earth’s atmosphere and are therefore less useful for orbit determination. However, such signals can be exploited for sounding the upper atmosphere by measuring how they are affected as they travel through the atmosphere<ref name="SoundAtm">[http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin126/bul126g_zandbergen.pdf\|Sounding the Atmosphere - Ground Support for GNSS Radio-Occultation Processing], ESA Bulletin 126, May 2006</ref>.		Earth-orbiting satellites have been equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for many years now, mostly as an aid for orbit determination. The receiver processes the signals from visible GPS satellites through one or more antennas mounted on the satellite. For GPS satellites that appear to the receiver to be close to the Earth’s horizon, the signals travel through the Earth’s atmosphere and are therefore less useful for orbit determination. However, such signals can be exploited for sounding the upper atmosphere by measuring how they are affected as they travel through the atmosphere<ref name="SoundAtm">[http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin126/bul126g_zandbergen.pdf\|Sounding the Atmosphere - Ground Support for GNSS Radio-Occultation Processing], ESA Bulletin 126, May 2006</ref>.

Timo.Kouwenhoven: Text replace - "|Level=Medium" to "|Level=Intermediate"

2011-11-06T07:39:18Z

Text replace - "|Level=Medium" to "|Level=Intermediate"

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Timo.Kouwenhoven: Text replace - "|Authors=GMV." to "|Authors=GMV"

2011-11-01T13:46:43Z

Text replace - "|Authors=GMV." to "|Authors=GMV"

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Timo.Kouwenhoven at 12:29, 1 November 2011

2011-11-01T12:29:21Z

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	Earth-orbiting satellites have been equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for many years now, mostly as an aid for orbit determination. The receiver processes the signals from visible GPS satellites through one or more antennas mounted on the satellite. For GPS satellites that appear to the receiver to be close to the Earth’s horizon, the signals travel through the Earth’s atmosphere and are therefore less useful for orbit determination. However, such signals can be exploited for sounding the upper atmosphere by measuring how they are affected as they travel through the atmosphere<ref name="SoundAtm">[http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin126/bul126g_zandbergen.pdf\|Sounding the Atmosphere - Ground Support for GNSS Radio-Occultation Processing], ESA Bulletin 126, May 2006</ref>.		Earth-orbiting satellites have been equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for many years now, mostly as an aid for orbit determination. The receiver processes the signals from visible GPS satellites through one or more antennas mounted on the satellite. For GPS satellites that appear to the receiver to be close to the Earth’s horizon, the signals travel through the Earth’s atmosphere and are therefore less useful for orbit determination. However, such signals can be exploited for sounding the upper atmosphere by measuring how they are affected as they travel through the atmosphere<ref name="SoundAtm">[http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin126/bul126g_zandbergen.pdf\|Sounding the Atmosphere - Ground Support for GNSS Radio-Occultation Processing], ESA Bulletin 126, May 2006</ref>.

Rui.Pereira: moved Work in Progress:Atmospheric Sensing to Atmospheric Sensing over redirect

2011-09-16T16:36:30Z

moved Work in Progress:Atmospheric Sensing to Atmospheric Sensing over redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:36, 16 September 2011
(No difference)